机械5

摘要 制造业飞速发展的当下，复杂的零件以及不规则的零件是越来越多，零件的尺寸要求和公差要求也是越来越高。之前的通用夹具已经不能够满足当下制造业的发展了，为了加工这些不规则的零件，专用夹具的作用显得相当的重要。 本文设计的倒挡拨叉零件，就是一个构造复杂，形状不规则的零件。倒挡拨叉是典型的叉架类零件，跟操作装置零件一起使用，将滑动齿轮拨动，这样输出轴就可以实现倒转。配合面Ф14H9、14H13槽还有下拨叉对精度都是有需求的。本次设计的主要任务是完成工件加工工艺规程的设计以及设计一套铣开档23平面的铣床专用夹具。 加工工艺的设计，其主要的内容包括：零件结构的分析，加工面加工精度的分析，生产类型工件制造方式的确定等等。专用夹具的设计主要的设计内容包括：设计定位、夹紧方案，选择定位、夹紧元件；选择对刀块；设计夹具体等等。本次设计的专用夹具使用在X52K立式铣床上。 关键词：专用夹具、倒档拨叉、加工工艺、铣开档23平面、X52K Abstract With the rapid developme
nt of the ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry, more a
nd more complex parts a
nd irregular parts are becomi
ng more a
nd more, a
nd the dime
nsio
nal requireme
nts a
nd tolera
nce requireme
nts of the parts are getti
ng higher a
nd higher. The previous ge
neral-purpose fixtures have
not bee
n able to meet the developme
nt of the curre
nt ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry. I
n order to process these irregular parts, the role of special fixtures is quite importa
nt. The reverse fork part desig
ned i
n this paper is a partwith complicated structure a
nd irregular shape. The reverse shift fork is a typical fork-type part that is usedwith the operati
ng device parts to toggle the slidi
ng gear so that the output shaft ca
n be reversed. The matchi
ngФ14H9, 14H13 slot a
nd the lower fork are all required for accuracy. The mai
n task of this desig
n is to complete the desig
n of theworkpiece machi
ni
ng process specificatio
n a
nd desig
n a special milli
ng cutter for the 23-pla
ne milli
ng machi
ne. The mai
n co
nte
nts of the desig
n of the processi
ng tech
nology i
nclude: a
nalysis of the part structure, a
nalysis of the processi
ng precisio
n of the machi
ned surface, determi
natio
n of the ma
nufacturi
ng method of the productio
n typeworkpiece, a
nd so o
n. The mai
n desig
n co
nte
nts of the special fixture i
nclude: desig
n positio
ni
ng, clampi
ng scheme, selectio
n of positio
ni
ng, clampi
ng compo
ne
nts; selectio
n of the cutter block; desig
n clip specific a
nd so o
n. The special fixtures for this desig
n are used o
n the X52Kvertical milli
ng machi
ne. Keywords: special fixture, reverse shift fork, machi
ni
ng process, milli
ng ope
n 23 pla
ne, X52K 目录 摘要I Abstract II 1绪论1 1.1本课题研究的目的及意义1 1.2机械加工工艺规程的概述1 1.3机械加工艺规程的作用1 1.4工艺规程制订的原则2 1.5制订工艺规程的步骤2 2分析零件的作用、材料以及加工要求4 2.1分析零件的作用4 2.2分析零件的材料4 2.3分析零件的组成表面5 2.4分析零件的加工表面5 2.5分析零件的形位公差5 3设计零件的加工工艺规程6 3.1选择零件的生产类型6 3.2选择零件的制造形式6 3.3选择零件的加工基准7 3.4设计零件的工艺路线8 3.5选择零件的加工工艺装备9 3.6确定零件的机加工余量10 3.7确定零件的切削用量、计算加工工时11 4设计铣开档23平面的专用夹具19 4.1设计定位方案，确定定位元件19 4.1.1设计定位方案19 4.1.2确定定位元件19 4.2设计夹紧方案，确定夹紧元件20 4.2.1设计夹紧方案20 4.2.2确定夹紧元件20 4.3设计夹具体20 4.4选择对刀装置—对刀块21 4.5计算铣削力21 4.6计算夹紧力21 4.7分析定位误差21 结论23 致谢24 参考文献25