机械5

ZL50D翻斗油缸直接推拉式装载机的设计 摘要 装载机是一种非常大的工程机械，经常用在装卸比较散的物料，比如在矿尝基础建设、修建道路、企业、港口、货仓等进行装载、堆土、铲挖、起重、牵引等作业，具有工作效率高、机动性好、易于操作等优点，因此在工程建设中经常用到该机种，对于加快工程建设速度，减轻劳动强度，提高工程质量，降低工程成本都发挥着重要的作用，是现代机械化施工中不可缺少的装备之一。轮胎式装载机的工作装置是铲装、卸载的机构，它包括铲斗、动臂、举升油缸、转斗油缸、转斗杆件及其操作液压系统等。 此次的设计先对装载机的发展历程以及其设计的思路有一个清晰的认识，然后确定一个可靠的设计方案。主要是针对四杆机构的装载机进行设计，该机构结构简单，很容易设计成举升平动，前悬校首先进行了铲斗的设计，先对其结构形式有一定的了解，并在此基础上计算出参数，最后根据所算的结果设计出铲斗。然后对装置各个铰接点进行定点，并设计出连杆机构以及对工作装置的强度的进行计算，采用受力分析法进行计算分析，最后进行装载机液压缸的设计，选用合适的液压缸。 关键字：装载机；四杆机构；铲斗 Abstract The loader is a larger type of co
nstructio
n machi
nery mai
nly co
nsisti
ng of loadi
ng a
nd u
nloadi
ng of bulk materials. It is suitable for operatio
ns such as loadi
ng, heapi
ng, shoveli
ng, lifti
ng, hauli
ng, etc. i
n mi
nes, i
nfrastructure, road co
nstructio
n, e
nterprises, ports a
ndwarehouses., It has the adva
ntages of fast operatio
n speed, high efficie
ncy, good ma
neuverability, a
nd easy operatio
n, so it has become o
ne of the mai
n types of earth a
nd sto
ne co
nstructio
n i
n the co
nstructio
n of the project. It accelerates the co
nstructio
n speed, reduces the labor i
nte
nsity, improves the project quality, a
nd reduces the e
ngi
neeri
ng cost. Playi
ng a
n importa
nt role is o
ne of the i
ndispe
nsable equipme
nt i
n moder
n mecha
nized co
nstructio
n. Theworki
ng device of thewheel loader is a shovel loadi
ng a
nd u
nloadi
ng mecha
nism,which i
ncludes a bucket, a boom, a lift cyli
nder, a tra
nsfer cyli
nder, a stick member, a
nd a
n operati
ng hydraulic system. This graduatio
n project first had a clear u
ndersta
ndi
ng of the developme
nt history of the loader a
nd the desig
n ideas, a
nd the
n determi
ned a reliable desig
n proposal. It is mai
nly desig
ned for the loaderwith a four-bar mecha
nism. The structure of the mecha
nism is simple, a
nd it is easy to desig
n a lift for tra
nslatio
n a
nd fro
nt suspe
nsio
n. First, the desig
n of the bucketwas carried out. Firstly, it had a certai
n u
ndersta
ndi
ng of its structural form, a
nd based o
n this, the parameterswere calculated. Fi
nally, the bucketwas desig
ned based o
n the calculated results. The
n, the hi
nge poi
nts of the device are fixed, a
nd the li
nk mecha
nism is desig
ned a
nd the stre
ngth of theworki
ng device is calculated. The force a
nalysis method is used for calculatio
n a
nd a
nalysis. Fi
nally, the hydraulic cyli
nder of the loader is desig
ned a
nd the appropriate hydraulic cyli
nder is selected. Keywords: Loader; Four Bar Mecha
nism; Bucket 目录 第1章绪论- 5- 1.1用途- 5- 1.2分类- 5- 1.3国外装载机发展趋势- 7- 1.4国内装载机发展现状- 8- 1.5装载机表示法- 9- 第2章工作装置的组成及设计要求- 10- 2.1工作装置的组成- 10- 2.2工作装置的设计要求- 11- 2.3其他工作装置连杆机构的结构形式- 12- 2.4工作装置自由度的计算- 14- 第3章装载机工作装置设计- 16- 3.1工作装置的要求- 16- 3.2铲斗设计- 16- 3.2.1铲斗形状、结构- 16- 3.2.2铲斗基本参数确定- 18- 3.2.3铲斗容量的计算- 20- 3.3铲斗形心的计算- 21- 3.4正转四杆机构尺寸的确定- 22- 第4章装载机工作阻力计算- 26- 4.1铲斗插入阻力的计算- 26- 4.2铲取阻力计算- 28- 4.3转斗阻力矩- 28- 4.4铲斗在联合铲装时的物料的重量- 30- 第5章工作机构受力分析与强度计算- 32- 5.1外载荷确定原则- 32- 5.2联合铲装时的受力分析- 32- 5.3主要零件的强度计算- 35- 第6章液压缸的选择- 38- 6.1动臂油缸的设计计算- 38- 6.1.1动臂油缸的一般性能计算- 38- 6.1.2活塞杆的设计计算- 41- 6.1.3活塞的设计计算- 41- 6.1.4油口的设计- 42- 6.2转斗油缸的设计计算- 42- 6.2.1转斗油缸的一般性能计算- 42- 6.2.2活塞杆的设计计算- 44- 6.2.3活塞的设计计算- 44- 第7章销轴的计算- 46- 7.1 C点销轴的确定- 46- 7.1.1弯曲强度计算- 46- 7.1.2销轴支座挤压强度的计算- 47- 7.1.3销轴套挤压应力的计算- 47- 7.2其他各点销轴的计算- 48- 总结- 49- 附录- 50- 参考文献- 51- 致谢- 52-