机械5

小型简易数控车床设计 摘要 本次设计任务来源于校企合作开发课题。 先调研数控车床的发展状况，随着科学技术的发展，机械产品结构越来越合理，其性能、精度和效率日趋提高更新换代频繁，生产类型由大批大量生产向多品种小批量生产转化。因此，对机械产品的加工相应得提出了高精度、高柔性与高度自动化的要求。数字控制机床就是为了解决单件、小批量、特别是复杂型面零件加工的自动化并保证质量要求而产生的。 该设计主要考虑两大方面：数控部分和机械部件。首先进行数控车床总体方案的比较，然后确定最佳方案，完成小型数控车床的总体布局，绘制出小型数控车床的传动系统图，数控车床总体的尺寸联系图。通过对切削力的计算来设计进给系统、刀架、主轴卡盘的夹紧、液压尾座的行程等。完成该数控车床总体设计，总体布局，绘制尺寸联系总图一份，以及床身设计，绘制床身零件图，底座设计，绘制底座零件图。对车床振动的分析来提出加强机床刚度的方法，还有设计该数控机床的排屑装置及尾架装置。最后叙述该机床平时的维护及保养，有利于机床的正常运转。 预期成果设计出符合机械厂要求的通用型的，小型，斜床身，双轴联动，卧式数控车床，尽量满足生产需要，使我们设计的数控机床可靠性，加工精度，变速范围，操作宜人性，工作效率及防护结构，造型等诸多方面更加适合实际的使用要求。 关键词：小型；数控车床；总体设计； Abstract This desig
n task comes from the school-e
nterprise cooperatio
n a
nd developme
nt issues. Developme
nt of the first i
nvestigatio
n of CNC lathe,with the developme
nt of scie
nce a
nd tech
nology, mecha
nical product structure more reaso
nable, a
nd its performa
nce, efficie
ncy a
nd precisio
n of i
ncreasi
ngly improved freque
nt replaceme
nt, productio
n types from mass productio
n to the ma
nyvarieties of small batch productio
n. Therefore, the processi
ng machi
nery products correspo
ndi
ng to the high precisio
n, high flexibility a
nd high automatio
n. Digital co
ntrol of machi
ne tool is to solve the o
ne-piece, small batch, especially i
n the automatic processi
ng of complex surface parts a
nd e
nsure the quality requireme
nt a
nd produce. This desig
n mai
nly co
nsider two aspects:
numerical co
ntrol part a
nd mecha
nical part. First compared the overall scheme of CNC lathe, a
nd the
n determi
ne the optimal scheme, to complete the overall layout of CNC lathe, draw the diagram of tra
nsmissio
n system semi-closed-loop CNC lathe, CNC lathe overall co
ntact map size. To the desig
n of feed system, turret, spi
ndle chuck through calculatio
n of cutti
ng force, the clampi
ng hydraulic tailstock travel. To complete the overall desig
n of the CNC lathe, ge
neral layout, drawi
ng a co
n
nectio
n dime
nsio
n i
n ge
neral, a
nd the body desig
n, drawi
ng machi
ne parts drawi
ng, base desig
n, drawi
ng the base part drawi
ng. A
nalysis o
n the lathevibratio
n proposed method to stre
ngthe
n the stiff
ness of machi
ne tools, aswell as the desig
n of the CNC machi
ne tool cutti
ng device a
nd a tail frame device. Fi
nally, describes the machi
ne daily mai
nte
na
nce a
nd mai
nte
na
nce, is co
nducive to the
normal operatio
n of the machi
ne. The expected results of desig
n to meet the requireme
nts of ge
neral machi
nery factory, half closed, sla
nt bed lathe, CNC horizo
ntal lathe, biaxial li
nkage, as far as possible to meet the
need of productio
n, reliability, CNC machi
ne tools e
nable us to desig
n the machi
ni
ng accuracy, speed ra
nge, operatio
n comfort, efficie
ncy a
nd protectio
n structure, other aspects are more suitable for practical use requireme
nts. Keywords: small-sized； CNC lathe； The overall desig
n; 目录 摘要III Abstract IV 1绪论1 1.1本课题的研究内容和意义1 1.1.1本次课题的意义1 1.1.2本次课题的目的1 1.1.3本次课题的所要达到的技术要求1 1.2国内外的发展概况2 1.2.1国内外数控机床的形势2 1.2.2数控机床未来发展趋势3 1.3本课题应达到的要求4 2数控机床总体方案的比较及其确定5 2.1调研情况5 2.2总体方案比较及确定5 2.2.1机床的总体布局5 2.2.2机床总体布局的基本要求5 2.2.3影响总体布局的因素6 2.2.4简述数控车床的特点6 2.2.5数控车床总体设计方案1 6 2.2.6数控车床总体设计方案2 8 2.2.7数控车床总体设计方案的确定10 3数控车床总体设计11 3.1数控机床的工作原理11 3.2数控机床的组成11 3.2.1程序编制及程序载体11 3.2.2输入装置11 3.2.3数控装置及强电控制装置11 3.2.4伺服驱动系统及位置检测装置12 3.2.5机床的机械部件12 3.3参数确定13 3.3.1主参数和基本参数13 3.3.2切削用量的选择13 3.3.3运动参数和动力参数的计算14 3.4数控车床传动系统图14 3.5数控车床总体联系图15 3.6机床的润滑与维护17 4数控车床部件设计18 4.1机床底座，床身大件类的设计要求，方法18 4.2机床的振动和提高刚度措施18 4.2.1机床振动的类型18 4.2.2提高机床结构动刚度的措施19 4.3机床热变形的形成及其特点20 4.4床身与底座的结构设计21 4.5机床的隔振22 4.6排屑装置的设计23 4.7尾架装置的设计26 5数控机床的维护与保养27 6结论29 致谢30 参考文献31