机械5

摘要 核桃是经济价值很高的油料作物，市场上需求量大，售价高，经济收益好。本文针对新疆维吾尔自治区的核桃种植面积大,收获和处理机械化程度低的实际现状，从核桃青皮、硬壳的物料学特性作为研究的切入点，开展核桃的脱青皮原理与脱青皮装置的技术研究，研制出机械化脱青皮的机械。 本文通过阅览已有核桃去皮机文献提出本次设计方案，该方案设计的机器目标为：生产率600kg/h，去青皮效率。该设计的核桃去皮机主要有电动机、张紧轮、主轴、进料口、去皮滚筒上盖、粗洗滚筒、喷淋水管、精洗滚筒、出料口、机架、排污口、去皮滚筒下盖等部件，通过对上述各主要部件进行详细的设计与校核，使用UG-NX10.0进行建模、装配、运动仿真。该核桃去青皮原理为： （1）去杂：通过研究青皮核桃的物理性能特点，确定了圆筒式青皮分离筛网栅条之间的间隙为10mm，实现杂物、青皮等与硬壳核桃的有效分离； （2）送料：青皮核桃由设计斜置角度为的去皮拨料板及具有一定螺旋线性的滚筒同时作用下，绕主轴旋转的同时向前进给； （3）去青皮：青皮核桃在进给力作用下依次通过刀片去切削核桃青皮，钢丝刷的摩擦、揉搓来去掉部分未由刀片切削掉的青皮，同时喷洒水管不断滴水由毛刷清洗硬壳核桃表面的粉末，一系列的协助作业，有效的实现青皮核桃的去皮。 由于客观条件的原因，未能对本次设计的核桃去青皮机构进行实物测验，但是本文的研究对今后各类核桃的去皮和去壳的设计与改进都有很好的参考价值。 关键词：核桃去青皮；刀片；钢刷；带传动 ABSTRACT Wal
nut is o
ne of the oil cropswith high eco
nomicvalues,which ca
n be see
n i
n its high dema
nd, price a
nd eco
nomic be
nefits. Give
n thevast pla
nti
ng area a
nd lower mecha
nizatio
n i
n the harvesti
ng a
nd processi
ng i
n Xi
njia
ng Uygur Auto
nomous Regio
n, the author takes the material characteristics of thewal
nut gree
n husk a
nd hard shell as the breakthrough poi
nt, a
nd carries out the tech
nical study o
n the pri
nciple of gree
n husk peeli
ng a
nd its releva
nt device, so as to develop a mecha
nical peeli
ng machi
ne. After readi
ng docume
nts o
n thewal
nut peeli
ng machi
ne, the author puts forward the desig
n proposal, aimi
ng at achievi
ng its productivity of 600kg/h a
ndwal
nut gree
n husk peeli
ng efficie
ncy over 95%. Such mecha
nical peeli
ng machi
ne mai
nly i
nvolves compo
ne
nts as motor, te
nsio
ner pulley spi
ndle, feed port, cover the leather roller, coarsewashi
ng drum, spray pipe, fi
ne clea
ni
ng roller, outlet, frame sewage outfall, peeli
ng drum lower cover. After the detailed desig
n a
nd check of these mai
n compo
ne
nts, UG-NX 10.0 is fi
nally applied to modeli
ng, assembli
ng a
nd the motio
n simulatio
n. The pri
nciple ofwal
nut gree
n husk peeli
ng is as follows: （1）Removal of the debris: after the study of the physical performa
nce ofwal
nutwith gree
n husk, the separatio
n gap betwee
n cyli
ndrical gree
n separatio
n scree
n grid is set as 10mm, to realize the effective separatio
n of debris, gree
n husks a
nd hard shells. （2）Feedi
ng roller:with the simulta
neous actio
n of the stripper platewith the oblique a
ngle of 5% a
nd a spiral li
near roller,wal
nutswith gree
n husk rotate arou
nd the shaft to move forward; （3）Gree
n husk peeli
ng:with feedi
ng force, blade does the job of peeli
ng, frictio
n a
nd rub ofwire brush removi
ng the peels
not cut off by the spiral blade, powders o
n the hard surface ofwal
nut clea
ned by the brushwith the help of drippi
ngwater from the sprayi
ngwater pipe. All these assistwork co
ntributes to the effectivewal
nut gree
n husk peeli
ng together. Due to objective co
nditio
ns, physical test o
n the desig
nedwal
nut peeli
ng mecha
nism ca
n
not be do
ne, but the research provides good refere
ncevalue o
n the desig
n a
nd improveme
nt ofwal
nut peeli
ng a
nd shelli
ng. keywords: Wal
nut peeli
ng gree
n husk; Spiral blade; Steel brush; Belt drive 目录 1绪论1 1.1课题研究意义1 1.1.1核桃及其概况1 1.1.2核桃机械化脱青皮的必要性2 1.2国内外研究现状3 1.2.1国外机具状况3 1.2.2国内机具机及发展状况3 1.2.3课题的提出5 1.3设计方案6 1.3.1设计目标6 1.3.2研究方法6 1.3.3技术路线7 2青皮核桃物理性能特点8 2.1青皮核桃及果实的三维尺寸8 2.2青皮核桃的青皮含水率9 2.3小结9 3青核桃去皮机的总体设计10 3.1核桃去青皮的典型方法10 3.2核桃去青皮方案的选择10 3.3核桃去青皮机的结构11 3.4核桃去青皮的原理12 3.5核桃去皮机清洗原理13 3.6核桃去青皮机构的传动原理13 4传动装置的设计与选用15 4.1电机的选择15 4.2传动比的确定16 4.3带轮的确定16 4.4.轴的校核18 5青皮核桃去皮机结构设计21 5.1拨料板斜置角度的计算21 5.2进料机构24 5.3圆筒式青皮分离筛的设计25 5.4机架的设计说明26 6数字化样机及运动仿真27 6.1主要零件实体特征建模27 6.1.1排污口的建模27 6.1.2带轮的建模27 6.1.3主轴的建模27 6.1.4拨料杆的建模28 6.1.5去青皮刀片的建模28 6.1.6钢刷的建模29 6.1.7毛刷的建模29 6.2装配30 6.3运动仿真30 总结31 致谢34 参考文献32