本课题首先介绍了后装压缩式垃圾车总体设计的5个原则,然后对这5个原则依次进行了详细的论证分析,在此基础上与传统的垃圾车机构进行比较,确定了设计方案。在设计计算部分,根据设计要求确定了垃圾车的结构参数,并根据结构参数对垃圾车的发动机进行了选型。根据装载要求,对后装压缩式垃圾车的整体结构参数进行了设计计算,其中包括料斗容积和污水箱容积的计算。汽车底盘主要是二类底盘的选用及其改造,根据载荷分布对各轴的负荷进行了细化分配,同时对整车的性能参数也依据标准进行了选用,主要确定了最高车速、燃料经济性参数、机动性参数和通过性参数等。对轴距、前后轮距、外廓尺寸等整车尺寸参数的确定。为确保整车性能对车架进行了受力分析和强度校核、液压系统油缸的受力分析与强度校核。
关键词:后装;压缩;垃圾车;环保;垃圾运输
ABSTRACT
I
n order to solve the problems of tow
n garbage tra
nsportatio
n, two co
ntami
natio
n i
n the tra
nsportatio
n, thus improve the tra
nsportatio
n efficie
ncy, a
nd reduce the worker labor i
nte
nsity, this paper has desig
ned the e
ntire seal compressio
n type garbage truck. This topic first i
ntroduce the 5 pri
nciples i
n the overall desig
n of back ward loadi
ng compressio
n garbage truck, a
nd the
n gave detailed proof a
nalysis to the 5 pri
nciples. The author compares the
new desig
n with the traditio
nal o
ne. I
n desig
n a
nd the calculatio
n part, the structure parameter of the garbage truck, a
nd the e
ngi
ne of the dumpcart are chose
n accordi
ng with the requireme
nts. Accordi
ng to the loadi
ng request, the desig
n of the back ward loadi
ng compressio
n type garbage truck are calculated, i
ncludi
ng the hopper volume a
nd the dirt water ta
nk volume computatio
n. The motor car chassis is mai
nly o
n the chassis selectio
ns a
nd the reformatio
n, a
nd the axes load distributio
n. I
n the same time, the e
ntire vehicle performa
nce parameter based o
n the sta
ndard has bee
n selected, accordi
ng to the maximum speed, the fuel eco
nomy parameter, the mobile parameter a
nd passed the parameter a
nd so o
n; a
nd to co
nfirm the parameters of axes dista
nce, the dista
nce of the fro
nt a
nd back wheels, a
nd the size of outside profile. I
n order to guara
ntee the completed car performa
nce, have do
ne the stress a
nd stre
ngth checki
ng, the stress a
nalysis a
nd stre
ngth checki
ng of liquid pressure system. Key words: Back Loadi
ng;Compressed;Garbage Truck;E
nviro
nme
ntal Protectio
n; Refuse Tra
nsportatio
n 目录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第1章绪论……………………………………………………………………………1 第2章总体方案论证…………………………………………………………………4 2.1提高载质量利用系数……………………………………………………………4 2.1.1底盘的载质量利用系数…………………………………………………4 2.1.2专用装置的自重…………………………………………………………4 2.2细化轴荷分布计算………………………………………………………………4 2.3合理选择卸料方式………………………………………………………………4 2.3.1车厢后倾式卸料方式……………………………………………………4 2.3.2推板卸料方式……………………………………………………………5 2.4提高垃圾压缩比…………………………………………………………………5 2.5合理选择压缩机构液压控制方式………………………………………………6 2.5.1滑动刮板式压缩机构工作步骤…………………………………………6 2.5.2压缩机构液压控制方式…………………………………………………7 2.6完善车辆密封……………………………………………………………………8 2.7结构方案的确定…………………………………………………………………9 2.7.1传统自卸式垃圾车的结构分析…………………………………………9 2.7.2本垃圾车的结构特点……………………………………………………9 2.8本章小结………………………………………………………………………10 第3章压缩填装机构的设计………………………………………………………11 3.1压缩填装机构的方案选定……………………………………………………11 3.2弧型料斗的介绍………………………………………………………………11 3.3弧型料斗的设计依据…………………………………………………………12 3.4压缩填装机构的结构设计……………………………………………………12 第4章刮板的设计……………………………………………………………………15 4.1刮板的材料选择………………………………………………………………15 4.2刮板的几何参数的选择………………………………………………………15 4.3刮板销轴的选择………………………………………………………………16 4.4刮板导轨的选择………………………………………………………………17 4.5本章小结………………………………………………………………………18 第5章垃圾车总体设计与计算……………………………………………………19 5.1垃圾车质量参数的确定………………………………………………………19 5.1.1装载量…………………………………………………………………19 5.1.2整备质量………………………………………………………………19 5.1.3汽车的总质量…………………………………………………………19 5.2垃圾车发动机的选型…………………………………………………………20 5.2.1发动机最大功率及其相应转速………………………………………19 5.2.2发动机最大转矩及其相应转速………………………………………19 5.2.3发动机适应性系数ф…………………………………………………21 5.3料斗容积与污水箱容积………………………………………………………21 5.4底盘的改造……………………………………………………………………21 5.4.1整备质量和轴荷分配…………………………………………………22 5.4.2性能参数………………………………………………………………22 5.4.3尺寸参数………………………………………………………………23 5.5车架的计算……………………………………………………………………24 5.6本章小结………………………………………………………………………26 第6章液压系统设计………………………………………………………………27 6.1滑板、刮板油缸受力分析……………………………………………………28 6.2举升油缸受力分析……………………………………………………………29 6.3液压缸的结构设计……………………………………………………………30 6.4液压缸内径D和活塞杆直径d的确定…………………………………………31 6.5液压缸壁厚、外径及工作行程的计算………………………………………32 6.6液压缸缸底和缸盖的计算……………………………………………………33 6.7液压缸进出油口尺寸的确定…………………………………………………33 6.8液压油缸受力分析与校核……………………………………………………35 6.9液压缸的主要零件的材料和技术要求………………………………………35 6.10泵的计算与选择………………………………………………………………36 6.11液压油箱容积的确定…………………………………………………………37 6.12确定管道的直径………………………………………………………………37 6.13油箱设计………………………………………………………………………39 6.14液压泵装置……………………………………………………………………42 6.15辅助元件的选用………………………………………………………………43 6.16本章小结………………………………………………………………………43 结论………………………………………………………………………………………44 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………45 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………47
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n order to solve the problems of tow
n garbage tra
nsportatio
n, two co
ntami
natio
n i
n the tra
nsportatio
n, thus improve the tra
nsportatio
n efficie
ncy, a
nd reduce the worker labor i
nte
nsity, this paper has desig
ned the e
ntire seal compressio
n type garbage truck. This topic first i
ntroduce the 5 pri
nciples i
n the overall desig
n of back ward loadi
ng compressio
n garbage truck, a
nd the
n gave detailed proof a
nalysis to the 5 pri
nciples. The author compares the
new desig
n with the traditio
nal o
ne. I
n desig
n a
nd the calculatio
n part, the structure parameter of the garbage truck, a
nd the e
ngi
ne of the dumpcart are chose
n accordi
ng with the requireme
nts. Accordi
ng to the loadi
ng request, the desig
n of the back ward loadi
ng compressio
n type garbage truck are calculated, i
ncludi
ng the hopper volume a
nd the dirt water ta
nk volume computatio
n. The motor car chassis is mai
nly o
n the chassis selectio
ns a
nd the reformatio
n, a
nd the axes load distributio
n. I
n the same time, the e
ntire vehicle performa
nce parameter based o
n the sta
ndard has bee
n selected, accordi
ng to the maximum speed, the fuel eco
nomy parameter, the mobile parameter a
nd passed the parameter a
nd so o
n; a
nd to co
nfirm the parameters of axes dista
nce, the dista
nce of the fro
nt a
nd back wheels, a
nd the size of outside profile. I
n order to guara
ntee the completed car performa
nce, have do
ne the stress a
nd stre
ngth checki
ng, the stress a
nalysis a
nd stre
ngth checki
ng of liquid pressure system. Key words: Back Loadi
ng;Compressed;Garbage Truck;E
nviro
nme
ntal Protectio
n; Refuse Tra
nsportatio
n 目录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第1章绪论……………………………………………………………………………1 第2章总体方案论证…………………………………………………………………4 2.1提高载质量利用系数……………………………………………………………4 2.1.1底盘的载质量利用系数…………………………………………………4 2.1.2专用装置的自重…………………………………………………………4 2.2细化轴荷分布计算………………………………………………………………4 2.3合理选择卸料方式………………………………………………………………4 2.3.1车厢后倾式卸料方式……………………………………………………4 2.3.2推板卸料方式……………………………………………………………5 2.4提高垃圾压缩比…………………………………………………………………5 2.5合理选择压缩机构液压控制方式………………………………………………6 2.5.1滑动刮板式压缩机构工作步骤…………………………………………6 2.5.2压缩机构液压控制方式…………………………………………………7 2.6完善车辆密封……………………………………………………………………8 2.7结构方案的确定…………………………………………………………………9 2.7.1传统自卸式垃圾车的结构分析…………………………………………9 2.7.2本垃圾车的结构特点……………………………………………………9 2.8本章小结………………………………………………………………………10 第3章压缩填装机构的设计………………………………………………………11 3.1压缩填装机构的方案选定……………………………………………………11 3.2弧型料斗的介绍………………………………………………………………11 3.3弧型料斗的设计依据…………………………………………………………12 3.4压缩填装机构的结构设计……………………………………………………12 第4章刮板的设计……………………………………………………………………15 4.1刮板的材料选择………………………………………………………………15 4.2刮板的几何参数的选择………………………………………………………15 4.3刮板销轴的选择………………………………………………………………16 4.4刮板导轨的选择………………………………………………………………17 4.5本章小结………………………………………………………………………18 第5章垃圾车总体设计与计算……………………………………………………19 5.1垃圾车质量参数的确定………………………………………………………19 5.1.1装载量…………………………………………………………………19 5.1.2整备质量………………………………………………………………19 5.1.3汽车的总质量…………………………………………………………19 5.2垃圾车发动机的选型…………………………………………………………20 5.2.1发动机最大功率及其相应转速………………………………………19 5.2.2发动机最大转矩及其相应转速………………………………………19 5.2.3发动机适应性系数ф…………………………………………………21 5.3料斗容积与污水箱容积………………………………………………………21 5.4底盘的改造……………………………………………………………………21 5.4.1整备质量和轴荷分配…………………………………………………22 5.4.2性能参数………………………………………………………………22 5.4.3尺寸参数………………………………………………………………23 5.5车架的计算……………………………………………………………………24 5.6本章小结………………………………………………………………………26 第6章液压系统设计………………………………………………………………27 6.1滑板、刮板油缸受力分析……………………………………………………28 6.2举升油缸受力分析……………………………………………………………29 6.3液压缸的结构设计……………………………………………………………30 6.4液压缸内径D和活塞杆直径d的确定…………………………………………31 6.5液压缸壁厚、外径及工作行程的计算………………………………………32 6.6液压缸缸底和缸盖的计算……………………………………………………33 6.7液压缸进出油口尺寸的确定…………………………………………………33 6.8液压油缸受力分析与校核……………………………………………………35 6.9液压缸的主要零件的材料和技术要求………………………………………35 6.10泵的计算与选择………………………………………………………………36 6.11液压油箱容积的确定…………………………………………………………37 6.12确定管道的直径………………………………………………………………37 6.13油箱设计………………………………………………………………………39 6.14液压泵装置……………………………………………………………………42 6.15辅助元件的选用………………………………………………………………43 6.16本章小结………………………………………………………………………43 结论………………………………………………………………………………………44 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………45 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………47
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