机械5

平衡吊的结构设计 摘要 在工厂车间里搬运重物，往往都是采用起重机、电葫芦、工业机械手等。但对于需要频繁吊装、作业时间短的场合，如机床上下工件，装配工作吊装零部件，流水线上的定点工作等等；对于要求比较精确定位的场合，如铸造中的下芯、合箱等等，一般起重设备常不适用，工业机械手多用于生产自动线上或单一的重复操作，而且成本较高，目前，一般车间使用较少。近年来，出现的一种新型的定点起重设备“平衡吊”，适用于几十到几百千克工件的定点频繁吊运，在工业生产中起到了极其重要的作用，平衡吊的结构简单，操作灵活，吊重后除能作上下升降外，能在水平面内作360度回转运动，只需要轻轻推拉，就可使吊物随时稳稳地停留在意欲停留的位置上，做到随遇平衡。本文阐述了平衡吊的基本原理，并对其平衡条件及杆系的平衡方法进行了分析和研究，对平衡吊的结构进行了设计计算。 关键词：平衡吊；原理应用；力学分析；结构设计 Abstract Tra
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n 目录 1平衡吊的工作原理及平衡条件3 1.1平衡吊的结构和工作原理3 1.2平衡吊的平衡条件4 2平衡吊的运动分析8 3平衡吊的结构尺寸设计11 3.1工作条件的确定11 3.2滚道C和丝杠螺母A的位置尺寸的确定11 3.2.1丝杠螺母A的上下极限位置的确定11 3.2.2滚轮C的左右极限位置的确定12 3.3初定各杆长度13 3.4不计自重时，各杆截面尺寸的设计14 3.4.1 FED杆截面尺寸的设计14 3.4.2 ABD杆截面尺寸的设计17 3.4.3 EC杆和BC杆截面尺寸的设计20 4杆件自重对平衡的影响及其平衡办法22 4.1各杆件自重在C点处引起的失衡力的大小22 4.2消除各杆自重引起的失衡措施26 4.3估算各杆质量，计算配重27 4.3.1各杆质量的估算27 4.3.2用质量代换法计算配重28 5平衡吊传动部分的设计31 5.1滚珠丝杠副的选择31 5.2电动机的选择37 5.3减速器的选择41 5.4联轴器的选择43 6平衡吊回转机构的设计46 6.1滚动轴承的类型的选择46 6.2角接触球轴承和推力球轴承的型号选择47 6.3回转机构的结构图49 7平衡吊各铰链处的设计50 结论52 参考文献53 谢辞54