摘要
随着时代的发展,科技的进步,当代人们的出行越来越多的要依靠汽车,火车,飞机,轮船等等交通工具,其中以汽车应用的最为广泛,汽车的方便快捷给我们的生活带来了很大的便利,近几年随着世界各国开始倡导高效节能生活,大部分城市开始限制汽车排量,因此新能源汽车开始普及,而且随着城市人口越来越多,空间越来越小,汽车也向着体积更小,更适合城市内部使用的方向发展,因而对于应用在城市内短途的小型微型汽车来说,制动系统显得尤为重要,虽然这些车质量速度都不高,但是由于城市路况复杂,事故的情况也时有发生,每一起事故都会给人们的健康和财产带来损失,好的制动系统不仅能保证行车安全,也能保证驻车,上下坡时的行驶安全,有必要对其进行设计计算以及优化,达到理想状态。
本文以长安奔奔EV为模型,对这类电动小型汽车的盘式制动器的结构型式及其主要构件进行了设计计算,包括制动器类型的选择,制动器主要原理的阐述,制动器驱动机构的结构设计以及设尺寸选择计算,制动器主要零件尺寸的选择,设计计算以及相应的尺寸优化,得到了最佳的制动盘尺寸以及制动衬片尺寸,达到既能良好制动,又能减少磨损延长使用寿命和减少噪音的目的。
关键词:微型汽车;盘式制动器;盘式制动器优化设计;制动器驱动机构设计。
ABSTRACT
Alo
ng with the developme
nt of The Times, the progress of scie
nce a
nd tech
nology, moder
n people traveli
ng more a
nd more rely o
n cars, trai
ns, pla
nes, ships a
nd so o
n tra
nsportatio
n, of which the most automobile applicatio
n widely, co
nve
nie
nt car brought great co
nve
nie
nce to our life, as cou
ntries arou
nd the world bega
n to advocate for high efficie
ncy a
nd e
nergy savi
ng life i
n rece
nt years, most of the cities bega
n to limit car emissio
ns, so the
new e
nergy vehicles bega
n to spread, a
nd as more a
nd more urba
n populatio
n, space more a
nd more small, car is toward smaller, more suitable for use withi
n the city the directio
n of developme
nt, thus for short i
n the city of small mi
niature cars, Brake system is particularly importa
nt, although these car speed quality is
not high, but due to the complexity of urba
n traffic, accide
nts also happe
n from time to tome, the situatio
n of every accide
nt bri
ngs to people's health a
nd property loss, good braki
ng system ca
n
not o
nly e
nsure drivi
ng safety, also ca
n guara
ntee i
n car, o
n the hill of road safety, it is
necessary to carry out its desig
n calculatio
n a
nd optimizatio
n, to achieve the ideal state.Based o
n cha
nga
n rushi
ng EV model, for this type of electric small car disc brake structure a
nd its major compo
ne
nt has carried o
n the desig
n a
nd calculatio
n, i
ncludi
ng the selectio
n of type of brake, brake pri
nciple, mai
n brake structure desig
n of the drivi
ng mecha
nism a
nd a size selectio
n calculatio
n, the choice of mai
n brake parts size, desig
n calculatio
n a
nd the correspo
ndi
ng size optimizatio
n, the optimal scale of the brake disc a
nd the brake li
ni
ng, to achieve both good braki
ng, a
nd to reduce wear to exte
nd the service life a
nd reduce
noise.Key words: micro car; Disc brakes; Disc brake optimizatio
n desig
n; Brake drive mecha
nism desig
n. 目录 第一章绪论5 1.1选题的目的和意义: 5 1.2国内外研究现状: 5 1.3设计方案步骤: 6 1.4设计的主要内容: 6 第二章总体设计: 6 2.1设计要求: 6 2.2制动原理概述: 6 2.3制动器类型选择: 7 2.4制动驱动机构的选择: 7 第三章制动器设计及校核: 8 3.1制动系设计概述: 8 3.2汽车基本参数: 9 3.3同步附着系数的确定: 10 3.4主要参数设计计算: 10 3.4.1制动盘直径D: 10 3.4.2制动盘厚度h: 10 3.4.4制动衬块工作面积A及其校核: 11 3.5制动器设计计算: 11 3.5.1前后轮制动器制动力矩的确定: 11 3.5.2制动器最大制动力矩计算: 11 3.5.3制动器摩擦力矩的计算: 12 3.5.4应急制动和驻车制动所需的制动力矩: 12 3.5.5摩擦衬片磨损特性计算及校核: 13 第四章制动驱动机构设计计算及校核: 15 4.1制动驱动机构设计概述: 15 4.2分路系统: 15 4.3制动器驱动机构的参数计算及校核: 16 4.3.1制动轮缸直径d的确定: 16 V = 2(V1 + V2 )=3318.308mm3 17 4.3.3制动主缸活塞回力弹簧的确定及校核: 17 4.3.4制动主缸残余压力P: 17 4.3.5制动踏板工作行程及校核: 17 4.3.6制动踏板力计算及校核: 18 4.3.7制动主缸结构设计: 18 4.4制动器主要结构原件: 19 第五章制动器优化设计: 20 5.1优化设计概述: 20 5.2优化设计方法步骤: 20 (1)根据公式建立目标函数20 (2)根据要求引入约束21 (3)设计算法程序21 (4)得出约束结果21 5.3目标函数的建立: 21 (1)盘式制动器制动力矩: 21 (2)制动器表面升温: 21 5.4约束: 21 (1)为防止汽车打滑制动力矩应不大于车轮与地面的附着力矩: 21 (2)一次紧急制动后制动盘的温度不得超过260度: 21 (3)油缸内压力不得超过最大值12MPA: 21 (4)比能量耗散率约束: 21 (5)结构约束: 21 5.5优化结果: 21 5.6本章总结: 21
展开...
ng with the developme
nt of The Times, the progress of scie
nce a
nd tech
nology, moder
n people traveli
ng more a
nd more rely o
n cars, trai
ns, pla
nes, ships a
nd so o
n tra
nsportatio
n, of which the most automobile applicatio
n widely, co
nve
nie
nt car brought great co
nve
nie
nce to our life, as cou
ntries arou
nd the world bega
n to advocate for high efficie
ncy a
nd e
nergy savi
ng life i
n rece
nt years, most of the cities bega
n to limit car emissio
ns, so the
new e
nergy vehicles bega
n to spread, a
nd as more a
nd more urba
n populatio
n, space more a
nd more small, car is toward smaller, more suitable for use withi
n the city the directio
n of developme
nt, thus for short i
n the city of small mi
niature cars, Brake system is particularly importa
nt, although these car speed quality is
not high, but due to the complexity of urba
n traffic, accide
nts also happe
n from time to tome, the situatio
n of every accide
nt bri
ngs to people's health a
nd property loss, good braki
ng system ca
n
not o
nly e
nsure drivi
ng safety, also ca
n guara
ntee i
n car, o
n the hill of road safety, it is
necessary to carry out its desig
n calculatio
n a
nd optimizatio
n, to achieve the ideal state.Based o
n cha
nga
n rushi
ng EV model, for this type of electric small car disc brake structure a
nd its major compo
ne
nt has carried o
n the desig
n a
nd calculatio
n, i
ncludi
ng the selectio
n of type of brake, brake pri
nciple, mai
n brake structure desig
n of the drivi
ng mecha
nism a
nd a size selectio
n calculatio
n, the choice of mai
n brake parts size, desig
n calculatio
n a
nd the correspo
ndi
ng size optimizatio
n, the optimal scale of the brake disc a
nd the brake li
ni
ng, to achieve both good braki
ng, a
nd to reduce wear to exte
nd the service life a
nd reduce
noise.Key words: micro car; Disc brakes; Disc brake optimizatio
n desig
n; Brake drive mecha
nism desig
n. 目录 第一章绪论5 1.1选题的目的和意义: 5 1.2国内外研究现状: 5 1.3设计方案步骤: 6 1.4设计的主要内容: 6 第二章总体设计: 6 2.1设计要求: 6 2.2制动原理概述: 6 2.3制动器类型选择: 7 2.4制动驱动机构的选择: 7 第三章制动器设计及校核: 8 3.1制动系设计概述: 8 3.2汽车基本参数: 9 3.3同步附着系数的确定: 10 3.4主要参数设计计算: 10 3.4.1制动盘直径D: 10 3.4.2制动盘厚度h: 10 3.4.4制动衬块工作面积A及其校核: 11 3.5制动器设计计算: 11 3.5.1前后轮制动器制动力矩的确定: 11 3.5.2制动器最大制动力矩计算: 11 3.5.3制动器摩擦力矩的计算: 12 3.5.4应急制动和驻车制动所需的制动力矩: 12 3.5.5摩擦衬片磨损特性计算及校核: 13 第四章制动驱动机构设计计算及校核: 15 4.1制动驱动机构设计概述: 15 4.2分路系统: 15 4.3制动器驱动机构的参数计算及校核: 16 4.3.1制动轮缸直径d的确定: 16 V = 2(V1 + V2 )=3318.308mm3 17 4.3.3制动主缸活塞回力弹簧的确定及校核: 17 4.3.4制动主缸残余压力P: 17 4.3.5制动踏板工作行程及校核: 17 4.3.6制动踏板力计算及校核: 18 4.3.7制动主缸结构设计: 18 4.4制动器主要结构原件: 19 第五章制动器优化设计: 20 5.1优化设计概述: 20 5.2优化设计方法步骤: 20 (1)根据公式建立目标函数20 (2)根据要求引入约束21 (3)设计算法程序21 (4)得出约束结果21 5.3目标函数的建立: 21 (1)盘式制动器制动力矩: 21 (2)制动器表面升温: 21 5.4约束: 21 (1)为防止汽车打滑制动力矩应不大于车轮与地面的附着力矩: 21 (2)一次紧急制动后制动盘的温度不得超过260度: 21 (3)油缸内压力不得超过最大值12MPA: 21 (4)比能量耗散率约束: 21 (5)结构约束: 21 5.5优化结果: 21 5.6本章总结: 21
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