机械5

100吨通用油压机的液压系统设计 摘要 油压机是一种以液压油为工作介质，根据帕斯卡原理制成的用于传递能量以实现各种工艺的机器。液压机是一种锻压机械，它能完成调直、冷冲压、冷挤压等多种锻压工艺。液压机的结构形式很多，但通常由横梁、立柱、工作台、滑块和顶出机构等部件组成。本文为100T通用油压机液压系统设计，通过对油压机主缸及顶出缸进行工况分析，绘制其速度图和负载图。选择液压基本回路，拟定液压系统原理图，使主缸能完成快速下行、减速压制、保压延时、泄压回程、停止的基本工作循环，顶出缸能实现顶出、退回、浮动压边的动作，之后对液压系统控制过程进行分析。确定液压系统的主要参数，通过对压力、流量等参数的分析与计算，对泵、电机、控制阀等液压元件和辅助件进行了选择。本次设计采用了集成块，除去与泵或液压缸等的连接仍然采用管接头和管道以外，其它各元件之间的连接都通过集成块上的通道，其结构更为紧凑，体积也相对更小，重量也更轻，大大减少管件连接，从而消除了因油管、接头引起的泄漏、振动和噪声，并且液压系统安装、调试和维护方便，压力损失小，外形美观。另外对液压站进行了总体布局。通过液压系统压力损失和温升的验算，本文液压系统的设计可以满足液压机工作循环的动作要求，能够实现塑性材料的成型加工工艺。 关键词油压机；液压系统；原理图；集成块；液压站 The desig
n of 100T hydraulic press hydraulic system Abstract Hydraulic presses are machi
nes that use liquid as worki
ng medium a
nd are made accordi
ng to the pri
nciple of PASCAL to deliver e
nergy to achieve various processes. Hydraulic presses are metal formi
ng machi
nes which ca
n complete various forgi
ng tech
nology such as alig
nme
nt, cold forgi
ng, cold extrudi
ng a
nd so o
n. Hydraulic presses have ma
ny structural forms but more ofte
n tha
n
not they are composed of crossbeam, vertical post, work table, slide block a
nd ejector parts. This paper is about the desig
n of 100T hydraulic press's hydraulic system, though the co
nditio
n a
nalysis of the hydraulic press's mai
n cyli
nder a
nd ejectio
n cyli
nder, we ca
n draw their velocity diagrams a
nd load diagrams. The
n we choose basic hydraulic circuit to form the hydraulic system schematics. We must make sure the mai
n cyli
nder ca
n complete the basic worki
ng cycle of fast desce
ndi
ng, deceleratio
n repressio
n, time delay of press formi
ng, reli
nef-pressure retur
n a
nd stop, a
nd o
n the other ha
nd, ejectio
n cyli
nder ca
n realize the actio
n of ejectio
n, retur
n a
nd floati
ng side pressi
ng. After that, we must a
nalyse the co
ntrol process of the hydraulic system. Hydraulic system's mai
n parameters are determi
ned a
nd through the a
nalysis a
nd calculatio
n of pressure, flow a
nd other parameters, a
nd the
n we ca
n go o
n the choose hydraulic compo
ne
nts a
nd auxiliary parts such as pump , motor, filters, co
ntrol valves. This desig
n adopted the ma
nifold block, a
nd except that the co
n
nectio
n of pump a
nd hydraulic cyli
nder still uses the pipes a
nd pipe joi
nts, the co
n
nectio
n of other compo
ne
nts all through the cha
n
nel of the ma
nifold block. Its structure is more compact, volume is relatively smaller, its weight is lighter without pipe co
n
nectio
n. What's more, it ca
n elimi
nate leakage of tubi
ng, co
n
nectors, vibratio
n a
nd
noise, also, the i
nstallatio
n, commissio
ni
ng a
nd mai
nte
na
nce of hydraulic systrem are co
nve
nie
nt, low pressure drop, a
nd it looks more beautiful.The paper has also desig
ned the overall layout of the hydraulic statio
n.what is more this paper have three-dime
nsio
nal graph of i
ntegrated block, hydraulic pressure statio
n, which make it more beautiful a
nd accessible to reader. The hydraulic system ca
n meet the press order cycle actio
n requires a
nd realize the plastic material forgi
ng press, stampi
ng cold extrusio
n, straighte
ni
ng, be
ndi
ng formi
ng process a
nd other co
ntour machi
ni
ng tech
nic through check calculatio
n of hydraulic system pressure loss a
nd the temperature of the hydraulic system. Key words hydraulic press;hydraulic system;system diagram; ma
nifold block;hydraulic statio
n 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章绪论6 1.1研究背景6 1.2研究目的与意义6 1.2.1研究目的6 1.2.2研究意义7 1.3研究内容7 第2章液压系统设计要求和工况分析8 2.1明确对液压系统的设计要求8 2.2液压系统的工况分析9 2.2.1液压机主缸的工况分析9 2.2.2液压机顶出缸的工况分析10 第3章确定液压系统主要参数12 3.1确定液压缸的主要参数12 3.1.1初选液压缸的工作压力12 3.1.2确定液压缸的主要结构尺寸12 3.2计算系统所需压力13 3.3系统流量的计算14 3.3.1主缸流量的计算14 3.3.2.顶出缸流量的计算15 第4章液压机液压系统原理图设计16 4.1系统原理图的设计16 4.2液压系统原理图的问题18 4.3液压系统的工作原理19 第5章液压元件的选择22 5.1确定液压泵及驱动电机的功率22 5.1.1确定液压泵的工作压力22 5.1.2确定液压泵的最大流量22 5.1.3选择液压泵的规格23 5.1.4电动机的选择23 5.2阀类元件及辅助元件的选择23 5.3管道尺寸的确定25 5.4油箱容积的确定25 5.5系统温升的验算26 第6章液压站结构设计28 6.1液压站的结构型式28 6.2液压泵的安装方式28 6.3液压集成油路的设计28 6.4液压油箱的设计29 结论32 致谢33 参考文献34