机械5

4U-750马铃薯收获机 摘要 马铃薯作为中国重要粮食作物之一，薯类的收获机械化已经得到了高度重视。本文对4U-750型牵引式马铃薯收获机进行研究和设计。 这款马铃薯收获机利用安装在机器前侧的挖掘铲，把马铃薯挖掘出来，然后通过分离装置把马铃薯和泥土分离开，分离出来的马铃薯通过分离输送筛把马铃薯铺于地面，最后由人工捡拾收集。 马铃薯收获机的整机设计包括：马铃薯收获机挖掘部件、分离输送部件、传动机构的设计。挖掘部件直接或间接与机架形成刚性连接，本机通过对比采用组合式平面三角铲进行挖掘，对挖掘铲主要参数进行设计。分离部件配置在挖掘铲后面，通过对比采用杆条式升运链搭配抖动轮完成输送和分离，这部分对抖动轮进行理论设计，输送杆条通常选用直径10mm的细长圆杆。传动装置采用链轮传动，由拖拉机提供动力，减速器和链轮将动力传输到分离输送部件上，完成马铃薯的收获。 通过对马铃薯收获机主要部件的设计以及对地形得分析，可以确定马铃薯收获机的尺寸，这时可以用AutoCAD完成装配图以及各个零件图的绘制。 关键词：马铃薯收获机；挖掘部件；分离部件；传动部件；机械设计 英文摘要 4U-750Potato harvester Abstract As o
ne of the most importa
nt food crops i
n Chi
na, potato harvest mecha
nizatio
n has bee
n highly valued. This paper will research a
nd desig
n the potato harvester. This potato harvester uses the diggi
ng shovel i
nstalled i
n the fro
nt of the machi
ne to dig out the potatoes, a
nd the
n separate the potatoes a
nd soil through the separatio
n device. The whole machi
ne desig
n of potato harvester i
ncludes: the desig
n of diggi
ng parts, separati
ng a
nd co
nveyi
ng parts a
nd tra
nsmissio
n mecha
nism.The diggi
ng parts directly or i
ndirectly form a rigid co
n
nectio
n with the frame. Through compariso
n, the machi
ne adopts the combi
ned pla
ne tria
ngle shovel to dig, a
nd desig
ns the mai
n parameters of the diggi
ng shovel.The separatio
n part is arra
nged behi
nd the diggi
ng shovel. By compariso
n, the rod type lifti
ng chai
n is used with the shaki
ng wheel to complete the co
nveyi
ng a
nd separatio
n. I
n this part, the theoretical desig
n of the shaki
ng wheel is carried out. The co
nveyi
ng rod is usually a sle
nder rou
nd rod with a diameter of 10 mm.The tra
nsmissio
n device is drive
n by chai
n wheel, which is powered by tractor. The reducer a
nd chai
n wheel tra
nsmit the power to separate co
nveyi
ng parts to complete potato harvest. Through the desig
n of the mai
n parts of the potato harvester, the size of the potato harvester ca
n be determi
ned. At this time, the assembly drawi
ng a
nd each part drawi
ng ca
n be completed with AutoCAD. Keywords:The potato harvester;The mi
ni
ng parts;The separati
ng parts;Tra
nsmissio
n parts;Machi
ne desig
n 目录 4U-750马铃薯收获机1 1绪论1 1.1研究的目的与意义1 1.2国内外现状1 1.2.1国外现状1 1.2.2国内现状3 1.3马铃薯收获机的研究内容4 2设计总体方案6 2.1马铃薯物理特性6 2.2马铃薯种植模式分析6 2.3马铃薯收获机的设计构思7 2.3.1设计要求7 2.3.2机器参数的确定8 2.3.3马铃薯收获机所需功率的确定8 2.3.4工作原理9 3传动机构的设计10 3.1确定传动机构10 3.2功率的计算及传动比分配10 3.3链传动设计11 3.3.1链传动的优缺点11 3.3.2传动链条的选择11 3.3.3链传动的设计内容及步骤11 3.4轴的设计19 3.5键的校核20 4关键部件的设计21 4.1挖掘铲的设计21 4.1.1挖掘铲的选择21 4.1.2挖掘铲的设计22 4.2土薯分离输送装置的设计25 4.2.1分离装置的选择25 4.2.2输送装置设计25 4.2.3抖动轮的设计26 4.3机架的设计和选材28 参考文献31 致谢33