机械5

凸轮式牧草压缩试验装置设计 摘要 我国草资源十分丰富，但是由于我国的草地分布离散且大多位于丘陵山区等地，一些大型的牧草压捆机不能高效地进行作业。同时现有的牧草压捆机多数采用曲柄滑块机构，工作原理简单，但没有按照压缩力与压缩密度的规律进行设计，导致工作速度存在过快或过慢的缺陷，影响了机器的稳定性与压缩效率。 针对这一问题，本文拟设计的装置采用凸轮机构进行压缩。由于凸轮机构能实现多种复杂运动，其从动件运动规律可以按照压缩力与压缩密度的特性曲线进行设计。之后依据从动件的运动规律对凸轮轮廓进行设计，本文首先根据整机尺寸选择出合适的基圆半径，再确定出各压缩阶段的极限位置，最后利用CAD绘制出凸轮轮廓曲线。同时该装置利用蜗轮蜗杆减速电机进行驱动，本文对蜗轮蜗杆的尺寸、减速比以及电机功率都进行了设计。电机是通过凸轮轴将动力传递给凸轮，可有效降低动力损失。此外，为了便于小户型牧民使用，整机尺寸较小，同时也能减少制造成本和维修费用。本文设计的装置可以将牧草压缩成长方体状，以便后续打捆运输。 关键词：凸轮；牧草；压缩密度；蜗轮蜗杆；凸轮轴。 英文摘要 Desig
n of CAM type forage compressio
n test device Abstract Forage Grass is a
n importa
nt material base for developi
ng high quality breedi
ng i
ndustry. Chi
na is rich i
n herbage resources, but it ca
n
not be used reaso
nably a
nd efficie
ntly because of the u
neve
n distributio
n a
nd dege
neratio
n of herbage. The mai
n reaso
n of limiti
ng the efficie
nt use of herbage is the loose a
nd low de
nsity of herbage. The most effective way to solve this problem is to compress a
nd Bu
ndle herbage a
nd i
ncrease the volume de
nsity of herbage. There are two stages i
n the compressio
n process of herbage: "loose" a
nd "compact" . At prese
nt, most of the balers o
n the market use the slider-cra
nk compressor, which has high worki
ng efficie
ncy, but the overall size of the compressor is large, a
nd the i
nvestme
nt cost is high, moreover, it is
not desig
ned accordi
ng to the matchi
ng relatio
nship betwee
n compressio
n force a
nd velocity i
n differe
nt stages, so it is
not suitable for scattered small herdsme
n to use, the worki
ng characteristic is fitted to the compressio
n characteristic of herbage, a
nd the CAM is used to realize the complex moveme
nt law to make up the shortcomi
ng of the traditio
nal baler. I
n this paper, accordi
ng to the relatio
nship betwee
n the compressio
n force a
nd the de
nsity ratio i
n the compressio
n process, the limit positio
ns of the two stages are determi
ned i
n combi
natio
n with the pisto
n stroke, a
nd the
n the appropriate follower motio
n law is selected to desig
n the CAM profile. Through calculatio
n a
nd a
nalysis, the displaceme
nt curve of the CAM follower of the compressio
n test device is co
nsiste
nt with the compressio
n characteristic of forage, which proves the feasibility of the CAM compressio
n test device. Keywords: Cam; forage; Pisto
n Stroke; compressio
n characteristic; Motio
n Simulatio
n. 目录 1绪论1 1.1课题背景与意义1 1.2国内外研究现状2 1.2.1闭式牧草压缩装置3 1.2.2开式牧草压缩装置4 1.2.3液压式牧草压缩装置4 1.2.4机械式牧草压缩装置4 2技术任务书（JR） 6 2.1设计依据6 2.2产品的用途及适用范围6 2.3主要技术参数6 2.4主要研究内容与方案7 3设计计算说明书（SS） 8 3.1整机结构及工作原理8 3.1.1整机结构8 3.1.2工作原理8 3.2凸轮机构设计9 3.2.1牧草压缩特性9 3.2.2凸轮机构从动件运动规律的确定10 3.2.3凸轮机构基本尺寸的确定17 3.2.4滚子的设计19 3.2.5凸轮轮廓的设计21 3.2.6凸轮和从动件结构设计22 3.3电动机确定23 3.3.1活塞往复压缩频率23 3.3.2凸轮式牧草压缩装置电机功率计算23 3.3.3电机选择24 3.4凸轮轴设计25 3.4.1减速器传动比的计算25 3.4.2减速器输出轴的传递功率26 3.4.3减速器输出轴的最小直径26 3.4.4凸轮轴的最小直径26 3.5蜗轮蜗杆传动设计27 3.5.1蜗杆传动的类型27 3.5.2蜗杆传动的基本参数27 3.5.3蜗杆传动基本几何尺寸31 3.6凸轮式牧草压缩装置整体设计35 3.6.1压捆室设计35 3.6.2支撑机构设计36 3.6.3活塞从动件设计36 3.6.4喂料斗设计37 3.6.5机架设计37 4使用说明书39 4.1操作说明书39 4.2注意事项39 5标准化审查报告40 结论41 参考文献42 致谢44