施肥是果树生产管理中的重要技术措施，其施肥部位及开沟的形式合理与否直接影响着果树的生长、产量、果品质量及经济效益。传统的施肥方法，尤其是施用有机肥时，需在每棵果树两侧、根系集中分布层挖沟或挖坑施肥，人工作业非常困难，果农劳动强度大，生产效率低，而且肥料的利用率不高，迫切要求通过机械化来替代繁重的体劳动。因此，研究果园施肥技术的工艺及配套装备，研制出能够在林果生产中推广应用的施肥开沟机械，对地区林果业的高效、持续发展具有重要意义。本课题针对现代果园施肥开沟现状及其需求，通过对国内外开沟机发展现状调查分析，结合园艺技术，研究设计了专门用于果园施肥的开沟机。 关键词：果园；施肥；开沟机 Abstract With the developme
nt of scie
nce a
nd tech
nology, mecha
nized cultivatio
n methods are gradually replaci
ng ma
nual labor, which greatly reduces the labor i
nte
nsity. However, due to the multiple rolli
ng of the machi
ne i
n the field duri
ng mecha
nizatio
n, the soil is compacted a
nd compacted. A large
number of experime
ntal studies have show
n that the use of co
nservatio
n tillage is of great sig
nifica
nce for achievi
ng sustai
nable agricultural developme
nt a
nd improvi
ng the solid-liquid-gas three-phase ratio of the soil, thereby achievi
ng the purpose of i
ncreasi
ng productio
n a
nd i
ncome. Chi
na is the world's largest apple produci
ng a
nd co
nsumi
ng cou
ntry. However, due to the i
nflue
nce of the scale characteristics a
nd pla
nti
ng methods of our orchards, the ma
nageme
nt of orchards is almost always do
ne ma
nually, with low efficie
ncy a
nd high labor i
nte
nsity. With the cha
nge of the apple cultivatio
n model i
n Chi
na, some
new orchards adopt short-crowd close-pla
nti
ng cultivatio
n mode, a
nd thi
n
ni
ng a
nd dry-remodeli
ng of traditio
nal arbour-de
nse pla
nti
ng orchards provide developme
nt co
nditio
ns for orchard mecha
nizatio
n. Fertilizatio
n is a
n importa
nt tech
nical measure i
n the productio
n ma
nageme
nt of fruit trees. Whether the fertilizatio
n part a
nd the form of furrowi
ng are reaso
nable directly affect the growth, yield, fruit quality a
nd eco
nomic be
nefits of fruit trees. Traditio
nal fertilizatio
n methods, especially whe
n applyi
ng orga
nic fertilizers,
need to dig tre
nches or dig fertilizers o
n the sides of each fruit tree a
nd i
n the co
nce
ntrated distributio
n layer of the root system. Ma
nual work is very difficult, fruit farmers have high labor i
nte
nsity, low productio
n efficie
ncy, a
nd the use of fertilizers. The rate is
not high, a
nd mecha
nizatio
n is urge
ntly required to replace the heavy physical labor. Therefore, studyi
ng the tech
nology a
nd supporti
ng equipme
nt of fertilizatio
n tech
nology i
n orchards, a
nd developi
ng fertilizatio
n a
nd furrowi
ng machi
nery that ca
n be popularized a
nd applied i
n forest a
nd fruit productio
n, are of great sig
nifica
nce to the efficie
nt a
nd sustai
nable developme
nt of forest a
nd fruit i
ndustry i
n Xi
njia
ng. Accordi
ng to the prese
nt situatio
n a
nd requireme
nts of fertilizatio
n a
nd ditchi
ng i
n moder
n orchards, through i
nvestigati
ng a
nd a
nalyzi
ng the developme
nt status of ditchi
ng machi
nes at home a
nd abroad, i
n combi
natio
n with horticultural tech
nology, a ditchi
ng machi
ne specifically desig
ned for fertilizatio
n i
n orchards was studied a
nd desig
ned. Keywords: orchard; fertilizatio
n; tre
ncher 果园开沟机设计 目录 1绪论1 1.1选题的意义和目的1 1.2开沟机在国内外的研究现状1 1.2.1国外施肥开沟机研究现状1 1.2.2国内施肥开沟机研究现状2 1.2.3果园施肥开沟机研究、推广现状2 1.3本课题需重点研究的关键问题3 2开沟机类型、传动形式、刀轴转速的选择3 2.1开沟机类型的选择3 2.2开沟机传动形式的选择3 2.3开沟机刀轴转速的选定3 3总体方案的确定3 3.1总体结构设设计3 3.2圆盘开沟机工作原理4 4开沟机的零件说明及其校核4 4.1开沟刀的选择4 4.2刀片的结构组成7 4.3刀盘的尺寸确定7 4.4刀片的数目及其排列7 4.5轴的设计及其校核7 4.5.1轴的尺寸设计7 4.5.2刀棍轴的强度校核10 5标准件的选择及其计算13 5.1减速器的选定13 5.2带轮的参数13 5.3轴承的参数选择13 5.3.1轴承寿命计算14 5.3.2轴承的润滑15 5.4联轴器的选择15 5.5键的选择15 5.5.1键的尺寸、类型的确定15 5.5.2校核键联接的强度15 6悬挂架15 7铲刀的确定16 7.1铲刀的基本参数16 7.2铲刀的功用16 8结论17 致谢18 参考文献19