摘要 蚕豆富含丰富的蛋白质和淀粉以及多种微量元素，可以为人体提供大量能量和营养，是重要的食品经济农作物。蚕豆在我国有悠久的种植历史，具有抗旱，高产，适应力强等特点。在中国的传统美食里蚕豆因其独特的风味、口感和加工方法，被用来制作发酵的酱菜；膨化类的香酥蚕豆；凉粉、罐头、芽豆等。 蚕豆的出口贸易需要对蚕豆进行深加工，如蛋白粉淀粉的制取，蚕豆膨化食品的加工，豆瓣酱的制作等可以大大提高蚕豆的经济价值。在提取蛋白、制作蚕豆淀粉和生产蚕豆的深加工产品时需要对蚕豆进行初步的加工。蚕豆的初加工包括蚕豆的脱壳、筛选、分级、轧碎和蒸炒等。因蚕豆的自身特点，对蚕豆的脱壳作为蚕豆初加工最难也是重要步骤之一，显得尤为重要。 脱壳后的蚕豆更容易加工，方便蛋白的提取，提高了淀粉的质量和饼粕的质量，同时使蚕豆食品更加美观。最早的蚕豆脱壳只有手工剥壳，手工剥壳效率低，对手指伤害大，不利于蚕豆的筛选品质不一。蚕豆的机械脱壳效率高，减轻了农民的工作量也提高了农民的收入，因此蚕豆脱壳机的研发迫在眉睫。 好的脱壳机不仅要证加工效率，良好的机器运转，蚕豆的脱壳率完整度还需要考虑脱壳机的成本。因此脱壳机的设计就尤为重要，有合理的设计才能生产出高质量的 受欢迎的机器。 关键词蚕豆脱壳机;皮带传动;反复脱壳 Abstract Faba bea
n is rich i
n protei
n a
nd starch, a
nd a variety of trace eleme
nts. It ca
n provide a lot of e
nergy a
nd
nutritio
n for the huma
n body. It is a
n importa
nt food eco
nomic crop. Faba bea
n has a lo
ng history of pla
nti
ng i
n Chi
na. It has the characteristics of drought resista
nce, high yield a
nd stro
ng adaptability. I
n Chi
na's traditio
nal food, broad bea
ns are used to make ferme
nted pickles for their u
nique flavour, taste a
nd processi
ng methods; the puffed crisp broad bea
ns; the cold powder, the ca
n
ned bea
n, a
nd the bea
n sprouts. The export trade of broad bea
n
needs deep processi
ng of the broad bea
n, such as the preparatio
n of protei
n starch, the processi
ng of the expa
nded food of the broad bea
n, the productio
n of the bea
n paste a
nd so o
n, which ca
n greatly improve the eco
nomic value of the broad bea
n. I
n the process of extracti
ng protei
n, maki
ng broad bea
n starch a
nd produci
ng deep processed products of faba bea
n, we
need to make prelimi
nary processi
ng of faba bea
n. The i
nitial processi
ng of faba bea
n i
ncludes bea
n hull shelli
ng, scree
ni
ng, gradi
ng, crushi
ng a
nd steami
ng. Because of the characteristics of faba bea
n, the shelli
ng of faba bea
n is o
ne of the most difficult a
nd importa
nt steps i
n the i
nitial processi
ng of faba bea
n, which is particularly importa
nt. The bea
n after shelli
ng is easier to process, facilitate the extractio
n of protei
n, improve the quality of starch a
nd the quality of cake, a
nd make the faba bea
n food more beautiful. The husk of the first faba bea
n ca
n o
nly be shelled by ha
nd, the efficie
ncy of ma
nual shelli
ng is low, a
nd the damage to fi
ngers is large, which is
not co
nducive to the differe
nt quality of Vicia faba. Faba bea
n has high efficie
ncy of mecha
nical shelli
ng, reduces the workload of farmers a
nd raises the i
ncome of farmers. Therefore, the research a
nd developme
nt of faba bea
n sheller is immi
ne
nt. A good sheller
not o
nly requires processi
ng efficie
ncy, good machi
ne operatio
n, but also
needs to co
nsider the cost of shelli
ng machi
ne. Therefore, the desig
n of sheller is particularly importa
nt, a
nd reaso
nable desig
n ca
n produce high quality. A popular machi
ne. Keywords vicia pea sheller belt drive repeated shelli
ng 目录 摘要III Abstract IV 1绪论1 1.1脱壳机的概念1 1.2脱壳机的应用1 1.3蚕豆脱壳机的现状与发展前景1 1.4这是我国最早的几种蚕豆脱壳设备1 2蚕豆脱壳机的结构及原理3 2.1蚕豆脱壳机3 2.1.1基本结构3 2.1.2工作原理3 2.2蚕豆脱壳机的特点4 3结构参数的选择与计算5 3.1结构参数的选择5 3.1.1主要参数5 3.1.2刮板的初步确定5 3．1．3刮板的功率计算5 3．1．4传动方案的拟定和确认6 3．1．5电动机的选择7 3.2 V带传动的设计选用8 3.2.1确定计算功率9 3.2.2选择V带带型9 3.2.3带轮基准直径的确定9 3.2.4中心距离的计算和带的基准长度确定10 3.2.5主动轮上包角的验算10 3.2.6V带的根数计算z 10 3.2.7预紧力的计算11 3.2.8轴上作用的压力计算11 3.3轴参数的计算13 3.3.1轴的最小直径的初步确定14 3.3.2拟定轴上零件的装配方案14 3.3.3轴的各段长度确定和定位14 3.3.4轴的强度校核15 3.4刮板结构17 3.5栅笼的设计18 3.6箱体18 3.7壳仁分离装置18 3.8机架19 4.脱壳机的三维视图20 结论22 致谢23 参考文献24 1绪论 1.1脱壳机的概念 脱壳机是通过击打挤压等方式，使农作物外壳和仁分离的机器。外壳阻碍了人们对农作物的食用和加工，影响了食物的口感和营养。我国很早就利用舂，碾等对稻谷，高粱等农作物脱壳。为了高效方便的脱壳，人们发明了脱壳机。脱壳机的脱壳方式主要有击打，挤压，和混合式。 1.2脱壳机的应用 最早的脱壳机只是为了保证壳仁分离方便食用，只运用于少部分主要粮食农作物。随着时代的发展和人们生活水平的提高，高效率，方便快捷，仁的完整度高的脱壳设备越来越受欢迎。 1.3蚕豆脱壳机的现状与发展前景 早期的蚕豆脱壳设备，豆瓣的破坏率达到了9%，甚至超过l5%。生产出来的豆瓣仁无法进行更多的深加工，以及出口等，只能粉碎或者榨油。豆瓣仁的完整率是蚕豆脱壳机是否先进的重要条件之一，从60年代以来我国相继研发出了各式各样的蚕豆脱壳机，都主要以蚕豆间的相互挤压和摩擦揉搓为主，但都存在许多缺点，导致脱壳效率和壳仁分离均不理想。直到90年代在已有的脱壳机的基础上不断的优化加强，研发出了新的以撞击和挤压两种方式结合的脱壳机，同时加入了许多新的脱壳零件。加工效率，脱壳率和豆瓣完整度重要指标均有很大提高。 1.4这是我国最早的几种蚕豆脱壳