燃料电池汽车电机冷却模块设计 摘要目前中国未来汽车工业的发展趋势是朝着新能源领域转变，新能源汽车能够明显改善由于汽车尾气排放而造成严重的空气污染问题。驱动电机是给燃料电池汽车提供动力的唯一来源，驱动电机的性能优劣会对燃料电池汽车的性能起到决定性的作用。目前，新能源汽车的发展，因其绿色环保的概念而得到了各国政府的大力支持，各国纷纷出台新能源汽车相关政策。新能源汽车，主要是以电驱动汽车为核心，电机是电驱动汽车的动力来源，也是驱动系统中发热量较高的部件。因此，高效合理的散热设计，是保证电机可靠运行的必要条件。一般的，传统的散热方式是自然风冷，强制和风冷和强制水冷三种方式，风冷主要是对小功率的电机产品，对大功率的电机，目前广泛采用强制水冷，而冷却水套是主要水冷方式。想要避免因为热量过多而造成电机永磁体退磁的状况出现，并且进一步延长电机和控制器的使用年限与汽车行驶的安全性，时刻将驱动电机和控制系统的温度维持在一个合理范围内是十分重要的。所以，必须科学匹配燃料电池汽车的驱电机冷却系统，尽早研发出一套高效的控制方案会对日后汽车行业的发展起到巨大的推动作用。 此次针对驱动电机与其相应控制的架构与产热散热原理做了深入的分析；运算出了电机与其控制器在何磊工况下的耗能；并且设计出了相匹配的电动循环水泵、散热风扇转速持续可调节的冷却系统。本文研究的核心内容大致包括以下两点： 1、明确了驱动电机与其控制器的架构特征特点与产热原理，重要的热量源头、降温渠道与相关影响因素；依次运算出了电机本体与其控制器在不同工况状态下的产热功率。 2、对电动汽车驱动电机与其控制器的冷却系统的特征与关键结构做了深入分析，制定出一套将电机与控制器串联起来降温的措施，并且挑选并设计了机冷却水道结果的类型与参数；实现了包括冷却系统中散热器、散热风扇与循环水泵等核心零件在内的挑选工作；最终还对相关部件做了严格的审核与运算。 关键词：驱动电机，冷却系统 Fuel cell vehicle motor cooli
ng module desig
n ABSTRACT At prese
nt, the developme
nt tre
nd of Chi
na's future automobile i
ndustry is to cha
nge towards the
new e
nergy field. New e
nergy vehicles ca
n sig
nifica
ntly improve the serious air pollutio
n caused by automobile exhaust emissio
ns.As the o
nly power source of fuel cell vehicle, the reliability of drivi
ng motor directly affects the performa
nce of fuel cell vehicle. At prese
nt, the developme
nt of
new e
nergy vehicles, because of its gree
n co
ncept has bee
n stro
ngly supported by the gover
nme
nts of various cou
ntries, cou
ntries have issued
new e
nergy vehicles related policies. New e
nergy vehicles are mai
nly electric drive
n vehicles as the core, the motor is the power source of electric drive
n vehicles, but also the drive system of high heat compo
ne
nts. Therefore, efficie
nt a
nd reaso
nable heat dissipatio
n desig
n is a
necessary co
nditio
n to e
nsure the reliable operatio
n of the motor. Ge
nerally speaki
ng, the traditio
nal cooli
ng methods are
natural air cooli
ng, forced air cooli
ng a
nd forced water cooli
ng. Air cooli
ng is mai
nly used for low-power motor products a
nd high-power motor. Curre
ntly, forced water cooli
ng is widely adopted, while cooli
ng water jacket is the mai
n water cooli
ng method.It is
necessary to strictly co
ntrol the temperature of the drive motor a
nd its co
ntrol system to avoid the occurre
nce of demag
netizatio
n due to too high temperature of the motor perma
ne
nt mag
net a
nd to preve
nt the service life of the motor a
nd its co
ntroller from deteriorati
ng the reliability of the vehicle. The i
n-depth a
nalysis of the structure of the drive motor a
nd its correspo
ndi
ng co
ntrol a
nd the pri
nciple of heat productio
n a
nd heat dissipatio
n was carried out; the e
nergy co
nsumptio
n of the motor a
nd its co
ntroller u
nder He Lei's worki
ng co
nditio
n was calculated; a
nd the matched electric circulati
ng water pump a
nd heat dissipatio
n were desig
ned. The fa
n speed co
nti
nues to be a
n adjustable cooli
ng system. The core co
nte
nt of this paper i
ncludes the followi
ng two poi
nts: 1.The structural characteristics a
nd heat ge
neratio
n pri
nciple of the drive motor a
nd its co
ntroller, the importa
nt heat source, cooli
ng cha
n
nel a
nd related i
nflue
nci
ng factors are clarified. The heat productio
n power of the motor body a
nd its co
ntroller u
nder differe
nt worki
ng co
nditio
ns is calculated i
n tur
n. 2.A
nalyzed the cooli
ng system characteristics a
nd mai
n layout forms of the drive motor a
nd its co
ntroller of electric vehicles, determi
ned the layout scheme of the motor a
nd co
ntroller adopti
ng serial cooli
ng, a
nd selected the type of the motor cooli
ng cha
n
nel a
nd desig
ned the parameters;the selectio
n work i
ncludi
ng the core parts such as the radiator, the cooli
ng fa
n a
nd the circulati
ng water pump i
n the cooli
ng system was realized; fi
nally, the releva
nt parts were strictly audited a
nd calculated. Key words: drive motor, cooli
ng system. 目录 第1章绪论···············································1 1.1课题研究背景与研究意义········································1 1.2电动汽车驱动电机冷却系统研究现状······························2 1.3本文研究的核心内容············································2 第2章冷却系统设计以及参数匹配··························4 2.1冷却系统布置措施··············································4 2.1.1冷却系统设计要求··········································4 2.1.2冷却系统布置策略··········································5 2.2挑选驱动电机冷却水道形式······································5 2.2.1冷却水道结构设计要求······································5 2.2.2挑选水道结构类型··········································5 2.2.3明确水道结构参数··········································7 2.3系统部件匹配选型·············································10 2.3.1计算散热器选型···········································11 2.3.2散热风扇选型·············································13 2.3.3水泵选型计算·············································14 2.3.4管道选型计算·············································15 2.4核对重要部件的性能···········································16 2.4.1核对循环水泵性能·········································16 2.4.2核对散热风扇性能·········································16 2.5本章小结·····················································17 第3章全文总结与工作展望·······························18 3.1全文总结·····················································18 3.2全文展望·····················································18 致谢·······························································19 参考文献···························································20 第1章绪论 1.1课题研究背景与研究意义 目前由于能源的短缺与环境质量的日益下降，越来越多的国家将注意力聚焦到了环境污染问题上，当今国际上比较知名的汽车制造国接连针对燃料电池汽车的推广下发制定了相关的法律文件。众所周知，新能源电池汽车的排放物无污染，并且几乎不会产生噪音，在具体的性能方面优势也十分明显，再加上政府的大力支持，国内外中国知名的汽车制造商正向研制新能源车领域转型，这也是未来该行业发展的必然趋势。驱动电机是为燃料电池汽车带来前进驱动力的部件，驱动电机自身的优势与使用年限的长短会对车辆行驶的安全性与高效性起着决定性的作用，在电机很长运作的过程里形成的大量热能假使不能够迅速的散，就会导致电机温度迅速提高，最终致使电机转子内永磁体由于温度太高而无法发挥出正常的效用，进而对驱动电机的性能造成损害，并且会大幅度缩短永磁同步电机的使用年限，让整车的运行成本加大。不仅如此，过高的温度还会让电机的绝缘材料出现质变，进而无法实现绝缘效用。另外，电机控制器内的部分电子器件与主控板与电源板以及版块和IGBT版块等也会由于过高的温度致使自身受到损伤，更严重的时候还会烧毁相关器件。所以，在设计冷却系统的时候不许确保其具备良好的冷却性能，以此来保障驱动电机与控制器都能够正常运作，确保燃料电池汽车整车在行驶过程内的稳定性与安全性和可靠性。 此次针对燃料电池汽车的驱动电机的冷却系统做深入的完善与匹配工作，实现研发驱动电机冷却系统通过温度对子版块做调整的目标，以此来实现控制整车的方案。系统最终的控制目的是要保障在运行燃料电池汽车的阶段内要使电机的温度持续稳定在合理的范围里，防止因为电机温度的状况而造成永磁体出现退磁现象，进一步增加电机的使用年限，改善燃料电池汽车的行驶的安全性。并且，要尽可能把冷却系统在运作过程内损耗的能量控制在最小范围内，以此来增强能量的使用效率。