摘要 果园深松机是在翻耕基础上发展起来的一种适合于早地的保护性耕作方法。深松作业可以打破犁底层，在不翻动土壤的前提下可有效改善土壤的透水、透气性能。为植物根系提供更大的伸展空间。本文针对普通深松机械作业中存在的牵引阻力大、土壤松碎效果差等问题。松土方式主要有挤压松土和振动松土两种形式。 我国研制的深松机采用的深松部件主要有：凿形铲深松器、振动鼠道式深松器、弯腿犁型深松器、可调翼铲深松器和全方位深松器。这些机型各具特点，在实际生产中均在使用。但深松所消耗的功率，与深松深度之间的关系，以及机组前进速度与功率消耗的关系尚不明确，这给深松机的动力配套带来了一定的困难，进而影响了深松机的推广应用。我所研究的深松机是基于自激振动原理的振动式深松机。 深松铲形式为窄凿型，能最大限度地保护土壤、减少水分蒸发。样机在30 cm耕深时振动作业与无振动作业的牵引阻力对比试验表明，振动深松作业可有效降低机具牵引阻力，降阻幅度可达13％～18％。为植物根系提供更大的伸展空间它不需要年年平翻土地，而是用深松铲，每间隔35—70cm，做宽6cm、深30cm的条状松耕，逐年交替进行，使耕地的土壤有松有实，不乱耕层，营造“虚实并存”的耕层，协调土壤的水、肥、气、热状态，达到调节土壤三相比、改善耕层结构、减轻土壤侵蚀、提高土壤蓄水抗旱能力的目的，进而为作物发育生长创造良好的土壤环境。深松的特点是：松前土壤较硬，人土难；要求松后地表平整，利于后续播种作业。此款深松机就是综合以上几种类型的深松机的特点，此款深松机解决了松前土壤较硬，人土难；要求松后地表平整，利于后续播种作业的问题。这款深松机将推动深松作业机械在国内一股新的浪潮。 关键词：凿刀；弯刀杆；预压簧；弹簧拉杆；预压杆。 I
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no vibratio
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not disorderly fall, build "
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ncrease soil water storage ability of purpose, the
n ? i
n the developme
nt of crop. Key words: chisel; Machetes rod; Preloadi
ng spri
ng; The spri
ng rod; Preloadi
ng. 目录 1课题背景及意义5 1.1犁底层的危害5 1.2深松的作用6 2国内发展现状7 3国外发展现状7 3.5直立式铲柄9 3.6圆弧形铲柄9 4深松铲结构的研究现状9 4.1现有深松铲的种类9 4.1.1凿形铲尖10 4.1.2箭形铲尖10 4.1.3双翼形铲尖10 4.2.1深松铲特点11 5深松机结构和原理11 5.1深松机结构11 5.1深松机原理12 5.2零件材料明细12 表1零件明细表13 5.3技术参数13 6软件介绍13 6.1 Solidworks软件简介13 6.2特点14 6.3零件建模14 7基于solidworks的有限元分析14 7.1土壤参数14 7.2凿刀力学14 7.3土壤耕作阻力14 7.4凿刀有限元分析15 7.5弯刀杆有限元分析17 结论19 参考文献20 1课题背景及意义 传统的耕作方法还会加剧犁底层的形成。犁底层是当今世界农耕的一大公害，我国旱作土地普遍存在犁底层。犁底层，又称作“亚表土层”，是位于耕作层底部较为坚硬的土层，由耕作时土壤长期受到犁的挤压、车轮碾压以及降水时黏粒随水沉积所致。 犁底层一般距离地表12~15cm，厚度约为8~10cm，最厚可达到20cm，其结构多半为片状、层状或大块状结构，其容重较大、总孔隙度较小。 1.1犁底层的危害 1.1.1由于犁底层较为坚实，作物的根系不能下伸穿过犁底层，而只能在犁底层上方的土壤卷曲生长。 由于犁底层的阻隔，雨水不能及时入渗，而形成地表径流，导致水土严重流失；当干旱缺水时，犁底层以下土层中的水分又不能上升，无法提供给作物的生长所需要的水分。 1.1.2犁底层使土壤中气、热交换不充分，无法为作物提供充分的氧气，也不利于土壤中CO2、CH4、H2S等有害气体的排除。 1.1.3犁底层阻碍植物根系的正常新陈代谢和其它生理功能，影响土壤中有益微生物的生存和繁衍，导致土壤肥力下降。 1.1.4为了避免翻耕造成的水土流失，以及