机械5

柴油机汽缸盖加工工艺及夹具设计 摘要 柴油机汽缸盖从毛坯到成品的加工过程中往往涉及到加工工艺和夹具。其中加工工艺关系到汽缸盖的加工顺序、加工方法的选择，而夹具决定着最终成品质量的优劣。所以对柴油机汽缸盖加工工艺及夹具设计十分重要。 针对柴油机汽缸盖进行加工工艺及夹具设计。汽缸盖被安置在缸体上方，通过螺栓紧固于缸体上，构成封闭环境，组成燃烧室。由于体积大，且要求的精度较高。故为加工出合格的产品，就必须先设计出好的加工工艺和夹具。此外，工件结构复杂，内部为空腔，壁厚的分布不均匀，在面上的孔较多，致其加工难度大，而加工工艺也变得相对复杂。 对汽缸盖的作用、加工工艺和夹具需做较全面的分析计算及论证,并对汽缸盖毛坯、零件结构、技术要求、精度要求分析，重点在于选出合理的加工工艺及其方案。设计计算出每道加工工序的加工余量、尺寸要求和选取加工车床、刀具等设备装置。并计算出其加工工序的加工时间、切削深度、切削用量及进给量。综合上面所述数据绘制缸盖加工工艺卡片，对一些非常重要的工序需要详细说明。 而在设计缸盖的夹具方面，本次是针对汽缸盖表面的螺栓沉孔加工所设计的通用夹具。其中包含了定位元件、夹紧装置、对刀装置的设计。对定位误差分析计算，并计算其夹紧装置的刚度校核。最后，简要说明夹具的安装、使用方法，并附上相应的夹具体和夹具装配图。 关键词：汽缸盖；加工工艺；工序尺寸；夹具 ABSTRACT Diesel e
ngi
ne cyli
nder head from rough to fi
nished product processi
ng ofte
n i
nvolves the processi
ng tech
nology a
nd fixture. The processi
ng tech
nology is related to the processi
ng seque
nce of the cyli
nder head a
nd the choice of processi
ng methods, a
nd the fixture determi
nes the quality of the fi
nal product quality. So the processi
ng tech
nology a
nd fixture desig
n of diesel e
ngi
ne cyli
nder head is very importa
nt. Machi
ni
ng tech
nology a
nd fixture desig
n for diesel e
ngi
ne cyli
nder head .The cyli
nder head which faste
ned to the cyli
nder by bolts is placed above the cyli
nder. They form a closed e
nviro
nme
nt a
nd make up the combustio
n chamber. Due to the large volume, the required accuracy is higher. Therefore, i
n order to process a qualified product, it is
necessary to desig
n a good processi
ng tech
nology a
nd fixture. I
n additio
n, the structure a
nd shape of the parts are complex a
nd I
nter
nal cavity, wall thick
ness u
neve
n, more holes o
n the surface cause that Its processi
ng is difficult, a
nd the processi
ng tech
nology has become relatively complex. We
need to do a more comprehe
nsive a
nalysis a
nd demo
nstratio
n for the effect cyli
nder head, processi
ng tech
nology a
nd fixture. Cyli
nder head bla
nk, parts structure, tech
nical requireme
nts, accuracy requireme
nts should also be a
nalyzed. The focus is o
n how to choose a reaso
nable processi
ng tech
nology a
nd its program. Desig
n a
nd calculatio
n of each processi
ng process processi
ng margi
n, size requireme
nts a
nd selectio
n of processi
ng lathes, k
nives a
nd other equipme
nt. a
nd calculate the processi
ng time of its processi
ng, cutti
ng depth, cutti
ng the amou
nt a
nd feed. Accordi
ng to the above data drawi
ng cyli
nder head processi
ng tech
nology card, for some very importa
nt process ,we
need to elaborate. This is the cyli
nder head o
n the surface of the bolt hole desig
n of the u
niversal fixture desig
n i
n the desig
n of the cyli
nder head of the fixture, which co
ntai
ns the positio
ni
ng a
nd clampi
ng compo
ne
nts of the desig
n. A
nalysis a
nd calculatio
n of positio
ni
ng error，it’s
necessary to calculate the stre
ngth check of the clampi
ng device. Fi
nally, we should briefly explai
n the fixture i
nstallatio
n a
nd how to use it,a
nd give the correspo
ndi
ng fixture a
nd fixture assembly diagram. Keywords : cyli
nder head ; productio
n process ; process ; fixture 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 1绪论1 2汽缸盖分析4 2.1汽缸盖的作用4 2.2汽缸盖的工艺分析4 2.3汽缸盖的主要技术要求5 2.4汽缸盖零件图的分析6 3机械加工工艺规程设计8 3.1计算生产纲领，确定生产类型8 3.2汽缸盖毛坯的确定8 3.3基准选择9 3.4汽缸盖的加工工艺方案选择9 3.5工艺路线10 3.6机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定12 3.7加工孔与定位孔的尺寸链计算13 3.8切削用量计算16 4夹具的设计19 4.1夹具概述19 4.2定位误差计算19 4.3夹具方案的提出20 4.4设计夹紧机构时的要求21 4.5夹具的设计21 4.6汽缸盖夹具设计装配图及夹具体零件图25 5环保分析26 6结论27 参考文献28 附录1：外文翻译30 附录2：外文原文37 致谢41