三坐标数控龙门铣床床身减重设计研究 摘要 龙门铣床简称龙门铣，是具有门式框架和卧式长床身的铣床。龙门铣床上可以用多把铣刀同时加工表面，加工精度和生产效率都比较高，适用于在成批和大量生产中加工大型工件的平面和斜面。数控龙门铣床还可加工空间曲面和一些特型零件。 龙门铣床的外形与龙门刨床相似，区别在于它的横梁和立柱上装的不是刨刀刀架而是带有主轴箱的铣刀架，并且龙门铣床的纵向工作台的往复运动不是主运动，而是进给运动，而铣刀的旋转运动是主运动。 龙门铣床是用途广泛的重型机床，主要用于钢铁、能源、化工、桥梁、铁路、汽车、军工、模具及机床行业的大型金属零件的各种平面铣削：如水平面、垂直面、斜面及各种平面组成的导轨面。如对机床进行变型设计，还可以设计成带镗削功能的龙门镗铣床，在横梁上配上磨头还可以进行零件的磨削加工。 本机床具有如下特点： ①、独特的横梁升降系统设有必要的安全连锁装置，以保证机床的运行安全，稳定性以及重复定位精度。 ②、立铣头在横梁上的移动、侧铣头在立柱上上下移动均采用变频无级调速，有利于选取合理的切削参数，使用较方便。 ③、工作台工作进给由伺服电机控制，调速范围更宽可以满足所有的铣削要求，并且按钮站上还设有手动脉冲发生器可以精度对刀实现微米级的铣削精度。 关键词：龙门铣床，铣刀架，进给运动，旋转运动 Abstract Lo
ngme
n milli
ng machi
ne, abbreviatio
n of Lo
ngme
n milli
ng machi
ne, is a milli
ng machi
ne with portal frame a
nd horizo
ntal lo
ng bed. The ga
ntry milli
ng machi
ne ca
n process the surface simulta
neously with multiple milli
ng cutters, which has high machi
ni
ng precisio
n a
nd productio
n efficie
ncy. It is suitable for processi
ng large workpieces i
n batches a
nd mass productio
n. CNC milli
ng machi
ne i
n Lo
ngme
n ca
n also process space curved surface a
nd some special parts. The shape of the ga
ntry milli
ng machi
ne is similar to that of the ga
ntry pla
ner. The differe
nce is that the crossbeam a
nd the colum
n are
not equipped with the pla
ner cutter holder but with the spi
ndle box, a
nd the reciprocati
ng motio
n of the lo
ngitudi
nal table of the ga
ntry milli
ng machi
ne is
not the mai
n motio
n, but the feed motio
n, a
nd the rotatio
n motio
n of the milli
ng cutter is the mai
n motio
n. Ga
ntry milli
ng machi
ne is a widely used heavy-duty machi
ne tool, mai
nly used i
n steel, e
nergy, chemical i
ndustry, bridges, railways, automobiles, military, molds a
nd machi
ne tools i
ndustry, large metal parts of various pla
ne milli
ng: such as horizo
ntal, vertical, i
ncli
ned a
nd various pla
ne composed of the rail surface. For example, the machi
ne tool for varia
nt desig
n, but also ca
n be desig
ned with bori
ng fu
nctio
n ga
ntry bori
ng a
nd milli
ng machi
ne, with gri
ndi
ng head o
n the beam ca
n also be gri
ndi
ng parts. This machi
ne tool has the followi
ng characteristics: (1) The u
nique beam lifti
ng system is equipped with the
necessary safety i
nterlocki
ng device to e
nsure the safety, stability a
nd repetitive positio
ni
ng accuracy of the machi
ne tool. (2) Freque
ncy co
nversio
n stepless speed regulatio
n is adopted for the moveme
nt of e
nd-milli
ng head o
n the beam a
nd the moveme
nt of side-milli
ng head o
n the colum
n, which is be
neficial to selecti
ng reaso
nable cutti
ng parameters a
nd is co
nve
nie
nt to use. (3) The feed of the worktable is co
ntrolled by a servo motor, a
nd the speed ra
nge is wider to meet all the milli
ng requireme
nts. Moreover, a ha
nd artery impulse ge
nerator is also i
nstalled o
n the butto
n statio
n to achieve milli
ng accuracy of micro
n level. Key words: Lo
ngme
n milli
ng machi
ne, milli
ng cutter frame, feed motio
n, rotary motio
n 目录 摘要1 Abstract 2 一，龙门铣床的介绍和课题背景4 二，龙门铣床的与应用4 三，本课题研究内容介绍5 3.1龙门铣床结构简介5 3.2机身重量的影响因素9 四，机身机构优化9 4.1有限元介绍10 4.2龙门铣床模型建立10 4.3有限元分析11 4.4结构优化22 4.5结果比对25 五，总结26 六，参考文献27