机械5

WH212减速器箱体加工工艺及钻4-φ19孔夹具设计 摘要 此设计的主要对象是WH212减速器箱体，主要设计任务有两部分，第一部分：箱体加工工艺规程的设计；第二部分：箱体部分工步专用夹具设计。在加工工艺规程设计中，首先对零件进行结构分析，这部分工作包括分析技术要求和确定毛坯材料。在确定这些前提后，需要综合零件的材料、生产数量及生产实际来确定毛坯的制造形式，其次选择加工基准，制定工艺路线，最后进行加工余量、工序尺寸及切削用量等的计算与确定。这都需要设计者具有按照图纸制定完善机械加工工艺及装配工艺的能力。 在专用夹具的设计中，首先根据该工序的前后工序和加工特点来进行定位方式的选择，其次选择夹紧方式，最后进行切削力及夹紧力的计算和误差的分析。本文涉及两种夹具，镗孔夹具和钻孔夹具。在选择夹紧方式时参考夹具图册，从元件库中调用夹具元件或者查表找出标准件尺寸，不能找到的自主设计完成。 所有工作在工艺卡片、夹具装配图中集中体现，特别是在做机械加工工艺卡片时要加入工序简图，针对每一道工序要选择合理的定位、夹紧方式。设计的原则是尽量切合生产实际，这就要求时刻做到理论与实际相结合的原则，在工序、刀具、机床、切削用量、夹具元件的选取上以常见、通用为前提，然后考虑作用效果、经济成本，所以应在实用性的基础上再考虑创新性。 整个设计用CAXA2007完成零件图和装配图的绘制，用SolidWorks2010完成三维图的绘制。 关键词：箱体；工艺规程；切削用量；定位；夹具 Abstract Mai
n target of this graduatio
n project is WH212 gear case. There are two parts i
n the mai
n desig
n task: first desig
n the reductio
n case pla
n
ni
ng process; the other is dedicated fixture desig
n for part of the process steps. I
n the process pla
n
ni
ng programmi
ng, structural a
nalysis should be the first; this sectio
n i
ncludes tech
nical requireme
nts a
nd stock materials. After these preco
nditio
ns determi
ned,we should determi
ne the rough form of ma
nufacturi
ng combi
ne part of the material, productio
n qua
ntity a
nd the actual productio
n, a
nd the
n seco
nd select the processi
ng be
nchmarki
ng process route.Fi
nally, calculatio
n a
nd determi
natio
n the allowa
nce, process size, a
nd cutti
ng parameters.It
need the desig
ner have e
nough ability to desig
n proper mecha
nical process a
nd assembli
ng process. Duri
ng the special fixture desig
n, first select the positio
ni
ng method, refere
nce the before a
nd after processi
ng characteristics, followed is the clampi
ng method, a
nd fi
nally are cutti
ng clampi
ng force calculatio
n a
nd error a
nalysis.There it
need to desig
n two fixtures,fixture for bori
ng a
nd fixture for drilli
ng. With refere
nce the fixture atlas to choose a clampi
ng project, a
nd tra
nsfer fixture compo
ne
nt from the compo
ne
nt library, look up to fi
nd the sta
ndard size, or to desig
n. All ofwork co
nce
ntrative reflect i
n process card a
nd fixture i
nstallatio
ndiameter, especially i
n make a process card, it
need machi
ng i
n a process picture of each step a
nd chooses a reaso
nable positio
n for every clampi
ng method.The desig
n pri
nciples is i
n li
newith actual productio
n as far as possible, It requires thatwe must combi
ne theorywith practice as a pri
nciple,while o
n the selectio
n of process, tooli
ng, machi
ne tools, cutti
ng, a
nd fixtures, the commo
n, u
niversal premise should be the first the
n co
nsider the effect a
nd eco
nomic cost, so practicability should be co
nsidered o
n the basis of i
n
novative. The desig
n completedwith CAXA2007 a
nd three-dime
nsio
nal drawi
ngwith SolidWorks2010 Keywords: gear case; process pla
n
ni
ng; the amou
nt of cutti
ng; positio
ni
ng; fixture 目录 引言2 1零件的分析3 1.1零件的作用及结构特点3 1.2零件图分析3 1.3零件主要技术指标6 2工艺规程设计7 2.1确定毛坯材料7 2.2确定毛坯的加工工艺过程7 2.3毛坯尺寸公差和机械加工余量等级的确定8 2.4定位基准的选择8 2.4.1精基准的选择8 2.4.2粗基准的选择9 2.5加工方法的选择9 2.5.1主要加工方法的加工经济精度及表面粗糙度10 2.5.2面加工10 2.5.3孔加工11 2.5.4检测方法的选择11 2.6加工路线的确定12 2.6.1拟定加工路线方案一12 2.6.2拟定加工路线方案二13 2.6.3确定加工路线14 2.7机械加工余量及毛坯尺寸的确定16 2.7.1铸件机械加工余量16 2.7.2主要毛坯尺寸及公差17 2.8工序尺寸和公差的确定18 2.8.1面加工18 2.8.2孔加工22 3确定切削用量和机械加工时间定额23 3.1面加工23 3.1.1粗铣部分24 3.1.2半精铣部分28 3.1.3磨削加工32 3.2孔加工33 3.2.1镗孔加工33 3.2.2通孔、螺纹孔36 3.2.3锪孔52 4夹具设计53 4.1钻床夹具设计53 4.1.1钻模板的设计54 4.1.2切削力及夹紧力的计算55 4.1.3定位误差的计算56 5结论57 参考文献58