机械5

ZF动力换挡变速箱设计 The Desig
n for ZF Type Mecha
nical 摘要 轮式装载机是铲土运输类机械。是一种广泛运用在建设工程的工程机械，它的主要作用是铲装散状物料，也能够对矿石、硬土等做轻度铲挖作业，选装不同的辅助工作装置还可进行推土、起重和其他物料的装卸作业。具有快速作业、高效率、机动性好、轻便操纵等一系列优点。在对加快工程建设的速度、减轻劳动的强度，提高工程的质量，降低工程的成本方面有着重要的作用与地位，是现代化机械施工过程中必不可少的设备之一。随着科学技术的发展和提高，装载机的性能也越来越完善，应用也越来越广泛。因此它作为主要机种之一在工程建设中土石方施工。变速器的结构复杂性，材料高要求性，加工难度上也比较高。它的主要功能是能够改变发动机的转矩和扭矩，让它能在不同的工作情况下完成它所应该完成的工作。 此次设计的ZF液力机械传动自动的变速器为ZL30的变速器，其优点有：效率高，自动换挡等。本设计参照ZF资料确定了变速箱的整体方案，本文详细的分析了变速箱的性能和强度校核，并对此进行了必要的图解。本文还对发动机与液力变矩器共同工作的牵引性能作了概括的计算。本文对以上内容进行了详细的介绍。 关键词：转载机，发动机，变速器，变矩器 Abstract Wheel loaders are the shovel earth tra
nsport machi
ne. Loader is awidely used i
n co
nstructio
n of earthwork co
nstructio
n machi
nery. It is mai
nly used to shovel is filledwith bulk materials, but also of ore, hard soil, such as mild spade for diggi
ng a
nd dress upwith auxiliary equipme
nt ca
n bulldoze, lifti
ng a
nd other materials such aswood of loadi
ng a
nd u
nloadi
ng. Thewheel loader has the adva
ntages of fast operatio
n speed, high efficie
ncy, good flexibility, co
nve
nie
nt operatio
n, etc.Wheel loaders are play a
n importa
nt role i
n speed up the co
nstructio
n speed, reduce labor i
nte
nsity, improve project quality, reduce e
ngi
neeri
ng cost,is o
ne of the i
ndispe
nsable equipme
nt i
n moder
n mecha
nical co
nstructio
n. With the developme
nt a
nd improveme
nt of scie
nce a
nd tech
nology, the performa
nce of the loader is also more a
nd more perfect, a
nd the applicatio
n is more a
nd morewidely., so it has become o
ne of the mai
n models of the co
nstructio
n of earth a
nd sto
ne i
n the co
nstructio
n.The gearbox is complex i
n structure, high i
n materials a
nd difficult to process. Its fu
nctio
n is to cha
nge the torque a
nd torque of the e
ngi
ne, make itwork o
n the correspo
ndi
ng occasio
n. The desig
n of the ZF hydraulic mecha
nical tra
nsmissio
n automatic tra
nsmissio
n for the ZL30 tra
nsmissio
n, the adva
ntages are: high efficie
ncy, automatic shift, etc.. This desig
nwith refere
nce to the ZF data to determi
ne the gearbox of the overall program, this paper detailed a
nalysis of the tra
nsmissio
n performa
nce a
nd stre
ngth of the check, a
nd this has bee
n a
necessary diagram. I
n this paper, the tractio
n performa
nce of e
ngi
ne a
nd torque co
nverter is summarized. This article has carried o
n the detailed i
ntroductio
n to the above co
nte
nt. Keywords: reproduced machi
ne. E
ngi
ne.The Tra
nsmissio
n. Co
nverter 目录 1.引言1 1.1变速箱简介1 1.2变速箱国内外发展现状与发展前景1 1.2.1国外1 1.2.2国内1 1.2.3我国变速器的发展趋势2 1.3设计题目、要求及技术参数3 2总体方案3 2.1确定档位3 2.2确定自由度4 2.3离合器布置方案5 3匹配与牵引计算是否满足要求5 3.1匹配计算5 3.1.1发动机的外特性曲线5 3.1.2液力变矩器的选型7 3.2变矩器与发动机的匹配计算8 3.2.1求变矩器与发动机共同工作特性曲线8 3.2.2液力变矩器与发动机共同工作输出特性9 3.2.3匹配计算10 3.3牵引计算11 3.3.1确定轮胎动力半径11 3.3.2机械效率11 3.3.3特别说明12 3.3.4牵引特性12 4设计换档离合器13 4.1设计离合器摩擦片14 4.2校核离合器强度17 4.2.1压力校核17 4.2.2速度校核17 4.3离合器布置的位置18 4.4空转离合器片间相对转速及离合器的工作转矩18 4.4.1换向离合器18 4.4.2变速离合器的设计19 4.5离合器的操纵机构油路19 4.5.1供油系统19 4.5.2操纵机构19 4.5.3离合器的润滑油路19 4.5.4离合器的操纵系统油路20 5齿轮校核20 5.1齿轮校核20 5.2强度计算20 5.2.1计算扭矩20 5.2.2受力分析21 5.3校核齿轮弯曲疲劳强度22 5.4校核齿面疲劳强度23 6轴的设计计算与校核24 6.1各轴最小轴径的确定24 6.1.1输入轴24 6.1.2倒挡轴24 6.1.3 I、III档轴24 6.1.4 II档轴25 6.1.5输出轴25 6.2轴的强度计算与校核25 6.2.1轴的结构设计25 6.2.2轴上受力分析26 6.2.3求支反力及弯矩，扭矩图26 6.2.4轴承的强度校核29 7轴承的寿命计算30 8自动换档34 8.1自动换档的原理与组成34 8.1.2系统组成35 8.1.3自动变速箱的基本要求35 8.2换挡规律与类型的分析36 8.3换挡延迟（换挡重迭）与循环换挡问题37 参考文献: 38 总结39 谢辞40