机械5

车床主轴精度测试实验台的设计 摘要 车床主轴精度包含有三个：径向跳动，轴向窜动，回转精度。而主轴回转误差是影响机床加工精度的主要因素，主轴回转精度是评定机床动态性能的一项主要指标。通过测量主轴回转误差，可以监视主轴运行状态，及时发现和诊断故障，也可以通过误差补偿来提高主轴的回转精度。 本次设计了以滚珠丝杠和激光位移传感器为核心元件的车床主轴回转精度测试机构。车床主轴回转精度测试机构传动系统主要由电动机、滚珠丝杠、工作台、联轴器、导轨、激光位移传感器组成。通过对回转精度测试机构的设计理论，首先进行了伺服进给传动系统的总体方案设计以及机器精度的选择；其次是车床主轴回转精度测量机构设计的滚珠丝杠的计算与选择、滚珠丝杠支承轴承的选择、通过计算选择进给传动系统的其他相关元器件、对传动系统的刚度、惯量匹配等进行了校核验算；再次通过计算来选择进给传动系统的伺服电动机以及联轴器，最后进行导轨的选择。证明计算得出的结果较好得满足了提出的设计要求，利用Auto CAD软件绘制了相关的装配图。 关键词：回转精度测试,伺服系统,激光位移传感器，滚珠丝杠 Abstract Precisio
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nsor, ball screw 目录 摘要1 Abstract 2 1绪论4 1.1课题的意义4 1.2国内外主轴回转精度测量技术国内外的发展4 1.3课题设计思路7 1.4课题设计结构7 2车床主轴回转精度测试方法及方案的确认8 2.1回转精度的测试方法的选择8 2.1.1打表法测试8 2.1.2单向测量法8 2.1.3双向测量法9 2.1.4 CCD测量法10 2.1.5测量方法的选择11 2.2车床主轴回转精度测试试验台结构方案的确认11 2.2.1进给传动系统的要求11 2.2.2进给传动系统类型的选择11 2.2.3电机与丝杠联接方式的选择12 2.2.4支撑形式方案的选择13 2.2.5整机方案的确认14 3试验台进给系统系统设计15 3.1拟定技术参数15 3.2滚珠丝杠的计算及选择15 3.3滚珠丝杠支承轴承的选择18 3.4滚珠丝杠的校核19 3.4.1临界压缩负荷19 3.4.2临界转速20 3.4.3滚珠丝杠拉压振动与扭转振动的固有频率20 3.4.4滚珠丝杠扭转刚度22 3.4.5滚珠丝杠传动精度计算23 3.5滚珠丝杠进给传动系统变形计算24 3.5.1滚珠丝杠精度计算24 3.6伺服电机的选择与计算27 3.6.1进给伺服电机的校核29 3.7联轴器的选择30 结论31 4.1本所取得的结果31 4.2技术展望32 致谢33 参考文献34