机械5

液压实验台用油净化装置的设计 摘要 随着液压技术在各个行业的广泛应用，对液压设备的可靠性及使用寿命提出了更高的要求。大量事实表明,液压设备的工作可靠性和使用寿命与油液的污染程度有着密切的关系，根据国内外统计，液压系统的故障70%左右是由于油液污染引起的，而液压元件清洁度是影响油液污染的主要因素。 清洁度不符合要求的元件装入液压系统后，不仅引起系统的污染，更严重的是残留在内部的颗粒物在关键时刻被液流冲刷到液压元件的某一关键部位，可能造成运动副表面的划伤、研磨等早期失效，甚至发生卡死或零件损坏等突发性故障。对液压元件清洁度的控制已日益引起制造厂家和用户的重视，成为国内外液压行业普遍关注的问题。 本设计根据任务书的要求进行方案设计，设计出方便高效的外滤油车式过滤器。 该外滤油车式过滤器通过粗过滤器和精过滤器组装而成，形成两级的过滤系统，保证了油液净化达到实验台用油质量的标准。通过在油路中安装不同的阀类元件，控制了整个过滤系统的工作最大压力和流量，使得系统在安全的压力和稳定的流速中工作，降低了液压系统工作时的不稳定和故障的发生率，延长实验台的使用寿命。 本文设计的净化装置为了方便使用采用外置的形式，既使用方便又便于清洗维护。在液压回路中采用调速阀控制工作流量，采用节流阀控制系统的最大工作压力。使用两级的过滤实现了过滤精度的要求。通过理论的分析论证证明所设计的净化装置可以实现设计课题的要求。 关键词：液压油；过滤器；净化装置 Abstract Alo
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nd become the large atte
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nce highly effective outside filter oil car type filter. This outside filter oil car type filter but become through the rough filter a
nd the fi
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nd the stable speed of flow, reduces time the hydraulic systemwork
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ned the laboratory be
nch the service life. This article desig
ns the refi
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nce use the formwhich sets, both the easy to operate a
nd is adva
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n mai
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nce. Uses thevelocity modulatio
nvalve co
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nt capacity i
n the hydraulic pressure retur
n route, uses the throttlevalve co
ntrol system the biggestworki
ng pressure. Used two levels filter has filtered the precisio
n the request. The refi
ni
ng equipme
nt desig
nswhich through the theory a
nalysis proof may realize the desig
n topic request. Keywords: Hydraulic fluid; Filter; Refi
ni
ng equipme
nt 目录 引言5 1绪论6 1.1课题背景6 1.2液压净化装置的概述7 1.2.1折叠圆筒式过滤器7 1.2.2金属烧结式过滤器7 1.2.3圆柱筒式过滤器8 1.2.4网式过滤器8 1.2.5线隙式过滤器9 1.2.6纸质过滤器10 1.2.7空气滤清器10 1.2.8干燥器11 1.2.9外滤油装置的原理与特点12 1.3课题设计的目的及意义13 1.4设计的主要任务13 1.5液压系统的的设计步骤与设计要求13 1.5.1设计步骤14 1.5.2设计要求14 2元件的设计与选用14 2.1过滤器的设计与选用14 2.2液压泵的设计与选用16 2.3阀类元件的设计与选用23 2.3.1压力控制阀的选择23 2.3.2流量控制阀的选择25 2.3.3方向控制阀的选择27 2.3.4选择阀类元件应注意的问题27 2.4管接头的设计与选用28 2.5油管的设计与选用29 2.6油箱的设计与选用30 2.7液压密封件的选用32 2.7.1对密封装置的要求32 2.7.2常见的密封方法32 2.7.3密封圈的类型33 2.8联轴器的选用34 3系统回路的制定34 3.1调速方案的制定35 3.2压力方案的制定35 3.3动作方案的制定36 3.4动力方案的制定36 3.5过滤器的安装36 3.5.1安装在泵的吸油管路上37 3.5.2安装在泵的压油管路上37 3.5.3安装在回油管路上37 3.5.4单独过滤系统38 3.6总体回路的制定38 4液压系统性能验算39 4.1液压系统压力损失40 4.2液压系统功率的损失40 4.3计算液压系统冲击压力41 5结论42 谢辞43 参考文献44