机械5

合成氨装置-中温加压第一热交换器 摘要：本设计需要设计一台适用于合成氨变化工段的浮头式换热器，要求是满足中温加压变化工艺。本换热器传热系数为17W/m2.℃，换热面积为682.5m2，传热面积裕度36%，公称直径为DN=1500mm，换热器总长约为11300mm，设备净重26383kg，充满水时设备最大重量为38083kg，换热面积为682.5m2，属于第Ⅱ类压力容器。半水煤气与变换气危害程度是中度，属于第一组介质。换热管选用规格为φ25×2.5mm的标准无缝钢管，长度9m，排列方式转角正方形。半水煤气走壳程，变换气走管程，壳程的设计压力2.31Mpa，设计温度是170℃；管程设计压力是1.98Mpa、设计温度是350℃。本换热器是单壳程双管程。壳体壁厚20mm，材料是Q345R，前管箱封头是EHA1500×20-Q345R,，后管箱EHA1600×20-Q345R，球冠形封头是SDH1500×24(19.7)-Q345R；管板材料是16M
nⅡ锻件，固定管板厚度128mm，浮动管板厚度110mm。容器法兰为长颈对焊法兰，除浮动管箱的法兰为DN1600mm，其余三个法兰均为DN1500mm，浮头法兰厚度计算得120mm。折流板计算时取18块，实际绘图时为16块折流板，间距450mm，上下布置。管程需要设置防冲板，接管均选取外径530mm，管程接管壁厚是48mm，壳程接管壁厚42mm。 最后选取固定端管箱用Solidworks三维建模，并进行有限元进行分析。 关键词：浮头式换热器；工艺计算；结构计算；有限元分析 Sy
nthetic ammo
nia pla
nt- medium temperature pressurized first heat excha
nger Abstract： This desig
n requires the desig
n of a floati
ng head heat excha
nger suitable for the ammo
nia sy
nthesis sectio
n. The requireme
nt is to meet the medium temperature pressure cha
nge process. The
nomi
nal diameter of the heat excha
nger is DN=1500mm, the total le
ngth of the heat excha
nger is approximately 11300mm, the
netweight of the equipme
nt is 26383kg, the maximumweight of the equipme
ntwhe
nwater is full is 38083kg, a
nd the heat excha
nge area is 682.5m2,which belo
ngs to the pressurevessel of the seco
nd type. Half-water gas a
nd shift gas damage is moderate, belo
ngi
ng to the first group of media. The heat excha
nge tubes are made of sta
ndard seamless steel tubeswith a size ofφ25×2.5mm,with a le
ngth of 9m a
nd a
n arra
ngeme
nt of square cor
ners. The half-water gas goes through the shell process, shifts the gas to go through the tube process, the desig
n pressure of the shell process is 2.31Mpa, the desig
n temperature is 170°C; the desig
n pressure of the tube process is 1.98Mpa, a
nd the desig
n temperature is 350°C. The heat excha
nger is a si
ngle-shell dual-tube process. The shell thick
ness is 20mm, the material is Q345R, the fro
nt tube box head is EHA1500×20-Q345R, the rear tube box EHA1600×20-Q345R, the spherical head is SDH1500×24(19.7)-Q345R; tube sheet material 16M
n II forgi
ngs, fixed tube plate thick
ness 128mm, floati
ng tube plate thick
ness 110mm. The co
ntai
ner fla
nge is a lo
ng
neck buttweldi
ng fla
nge, except for the floati
ng tube box fla
nge DN1600mm, the remai
ni
ng three fla
nges are DN1500mm, the floati
ng head fla
nge thick
ness is calculated as 120mm. The calculatio
n of baffle plates takes 18 pieces a
nd the actual drawi
ng time is 16 pieces of baffles,with a spaci
ng of 450 mm a
nd arra
nged up a
nd dow
n. The tube process
needs to set the a
nti-shu
nt plate. The outer diameter of the tube is 530mm, thewall thick
ness of the tube-receivi
ng tube is 48mm, a
nd thewall thick
ness of the tube shell is 42mm. Fi
nally, the fixed-e
nd tube boxwas selected for three-dime
nsio
nal modeli
ngwith Solidworks, a
nd fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysiswas performed. Keywords: loati
ng head heat excha
nger； process calculatio
n;；structural calculatio
n；fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis． 目录 摘要I Abstract II 1绪论7 1.1生产合成氨的工艺介绍7 1.2变换工段简介8 1.3管壳式换热器的简介8 2换热器的工艺计算9 2.1换热器的工艺计算流程图9 2.2原始数据给定与物料成分说明10 2.3换热器类型、流动空间和流动方式初选11 2.4物料定性温度与该温度下的物料参数确定查取11 2.5换热器工艺数据计算12 2.6计算工艺结构尺寸12 2.7热力核算15 2.8管壳间壁温差与接管尺寸17 2.9换热器内流体的压强校核17 2.10工艺计算数据表汇总18 3热交换器的结构计算21 3.1设计参数的选定21 3.2壳体壁厚的计算与校核21 3.3管箱尺寸的计算与校核22 3.3.1固定端管箱厚度计算22 3.3.2浮动管箱23 3.3.3固定端管箱封头24 3.3.4浮头管箱封头25 3.4管板25 3.4.1固定管板26 3.4.2计算布管限定圆27 3.4.3浮动管板计算27 3.4.4钩圈式浮头的尺寸31 3.4.5球冠形封头计算32 3.4.6浮头法兰计算33 3.4.7钩圈计算34 3.5接管与管法兰以及开孔补强计算37 3.5.1接管计算37 3.5.2接管开孔补强计算38 3.5.3接管最小安装位置计算41 3.5.4管箱尺寸确定方法42 3.6法兰42 3.6.1固定管箱法兰42 3.6.2外头盖法兰、外头盖侧法兰43 3.6.3管法兰44 3.7折流板的厚度及空间布置45 3.8防冲板和导流筒的设置45 3.8.1管程防冲结构45 3.8.2壳程防冲结构46 3.9拉杆的尺寸46 3.10分程隔板47 3.11换热器各部分质量计算47 3.12鞍式支座的选取与校核50 3.13管箱吊耳的选取50 3.14标牌选取50 4固定端管箱的有限元分析52 4.1工程背景52 4.2设计问题转为实验问题52 4.3 Solidworks建模以及有限元分析报告53 4.4材质属性55 4.5负载和夹具55 4.5网格信息56 4.6合力信息57 4.7算例结果57 4.8结论59 5经济核算60 6总结61 参考文献62 致谢64