全自动多功能坐态调整轮椅设计 摘要 轮椅是行动不便的老年人与残疾人群日常生活中最重要的工具，他不仅为行动不便的人代步，同时下肢不便的人可以借助轮椅来进行锻炼和恢复，更可以帮助他们与周围的人群进行交流，更好的融入社会。在这种环境下，轮椅的需求变得越来越大。但普通轮椅需要人力推动或使用者本人进行推动来行进、后退，且很难进行转弯等的操作。因使用者长时间坐在轮椅上，又无法通过自己调整坐态，更是加剧了使用者的疲劳程度。对于下肢不便的人来说，轮椅可以达到的高度又是远远不够的，高处的东西自己完全碰不到，又无法通过自己站起来。量身定做或现有的电动轮椅价格又过高，很多人无法接受，使用统一型号的轮椅，舒适度会大大降低。为了帮助这些需要轮椅的人群，我设计了一个结构简单，操作方便，价格低廉，极为舒适的多功能坐态调整的电动轮椅。 通过对国内外电动轮椅的研究成果与国内外市场的调查分析后，确定了本次设计的主要内容与方向。国内成品电动轮椅功能普遍单一。国外成品电动轮椅造价过高，结构反锁，操作复杂，无法满足老年人的需求。本次设计使用简单的结构，通过电推杆与电机来控制轮椅的上升下降与座椅调节，通过六轮行走机构来满足轮椅需要的行走要求。同时简化了轮椅的操作，使用操作杆与简单按键来控制轮椅的所有功能。 本次设计根据老年人与残疾人群的心理与生理需求，运用人性化的设计，整合，修改了现有电动轮椅的外观，结构与功能，使用catia建模，计算分析，设计出了一种新型多功能坐态调整轮椅。可以使老年人或残疾人群在脱离家属，护理人员时完成尽可能多的动作。 关键词：轮椅；多功能；老年人；坐态调整 Abstract Wheelchair is the most importa
nt tool i
n the daily life of the elderly a
nd disabled. It is
not o
nly for the peoplewith mobility, but also for thosewith lower extremities for exercise a
nd recovery. More ca
n help them commu
nicatewith the surrou
ndi
ng groups, better i
ntegratio
n i
nto society. I
n this e
nviro
nme
nt,wheelchair dema
nd is growi
ng. But ordi
narywheelchairs
need huma
n push or the user to push forward, backward, a
nd difficult to make tur
ns a
nd so o
n. Sitti
ng i
nwheelchairs for a lo
ng time, u
nable to adjust the sitti
ng state, exacerbated the fatigue of the users. For peoplewith lower extremities,wheelchair ca
n reach a height is far from e
nough, the height of thi
ngs themselves ca
n
not touch, ca
n
not sta
nd up through their ow
n. Customized or the existi
ng electricwheelchair prices are too high, ma
ny people ca
n
not accept, the use of a u
nified model ofwheelchairs, comfortwill be greatly reduced. To help these people i
n
need ofwheelchairs, I have desig
ned a
n electricwheelchairwith simple structure, easy operatio
n, low price a
nd extremely comfortable multi-fu
nctio
n seat adjustme
nt. The mai
n co
nte
nts a
nd directio
n of the graduatio
n desig
n are determi
ned by the research results of electricwheelchairs at home a
nd abroad a
nd the i
nvestigatio
n a
nd a
nalysis of the domestic a
nd foreig
n markets. Domestic fi
nished electricwheelchair fu
nctio
n is ge
nerally si
ngle. Foreig
n fi
nished electricwheelchair is too expe
nsive, structural lock, complex operatio
n, u
nable to meet the
needs of the elderly. The desig
n uses simple structure, through electric push rod a
nd motor to co
ntrol the rise a
nd fall of thewheelchair, through the six-wheelwalki
ng mecha
nism to meet the
needs of thewheelchairwalki
ng requireme
nts. At the same time, it simplifies the operatio
n of thewheelchair, a
nd co
ntrols all the fu
nctio
ns of thewheelchair by usi
ng the lever a
nd the simple butto
n. Accordi
ng to the psychological a
nd physiological
needs of the elderly a
nd the disabled, this desig
n modifies the appeara
nce, structure a
nd fu
nctio
n of the existi
ng electricwheelchair by usi
ng the huma
nized desig
n a
nd i
ntegratio
n, a
nd uses catia to model, calculate a
nd a
nalyze. A
new multi-fu
nctio
n seat adjusti
ngwheelchair is desig
ned. The elderly or disabled ca
n perform as ma
ny actio
ns as possiblewhe
n they are separated from their families a
nd
nursi
ng staff. Keywords:wheel chair;multifu
nctio
nal;old people;sitti
ng regulatio
n 目录 第一章绪论1 1.1研究背景目的和意义1 1.2国内外研究状况2 1.3结构及研究内容4 1.4本章小结5 第二章总体设计方案6 2.1设计要求6 2.2设计方案6 2.3本章小结8 第三章机械结构设计9 3.1行驶机构与底盘9 3.1.1行走机构的结构设计9 3.2.2行走机构的运动原理11 3.2.3电机与减速器校核计算12 3.2座椅机构15 3.2.1电机的选用15 3.2.2结构及工作原理16 3.2.3连接机构齿轮的选取19 3.3抬升机构21 3.3.1结构及工作原理21 3.3.2运动行程与受力分析24 3.4本章小结26 第四章控制系统27 4.1控制系统的设计27 4.2本章总结30 第五章总结31 参考文献32 致谢33