机械5

汽车两轴五挡变速器设计 摘要 手动变速器的诞生在一定程度上促进了汽车产业的不断发展，到现在几乎所有品牌的汽车都将手动变速器作为最基本的车型配置，而所有的变速器厂商都会无一例外的选择生产这种变速器。手动变速器结构简单可靠、传递效率高、燃油经济性好，并且充满驾驶乐趣。 本次设计的任务是设计一台用于轿车上前置前驱引擎横置的手动变速器。设计采用两轴式变速器，该变速器具有两个突出的优点：一是对齿轮传动，所以传动效率高，噪声小；二是各中间挡位只经一对齿轮传动，所以传动效率高，噪声校 根据轿车的外形、轮距、轴距、最小离地间隙、最小转弯半径、车辆重量、满载重量以及最高车速等参数，结合自己选择适合于该轿车的发动机型号可以得出发动机的最大功率、最大扭矩、排量等重要的参数。根据上述参数，再结合汽车设计、汽车理论、机械设计等知识，计算出相关的变速器参数并论证设计的合理性。 它功用是：①改变传动比，扩大驱动轮转矩和转速的变化范围，以适应经常变化的行驶条件，如起步、加速、上坡等，同时使发动机在有利的工况下工作；②在发动机旋转方向不变的前提下，使汽车能倒退行驶；③利用空挡，中断动力传递，以使发动机能够起动、怠速，并便于发动机换挡或进行动力输出。这台变速器具有五个前进挡和一个倒挡，并通过锁环式同步器来实现换挡。 关键词：手动变速器；传动比；齿轮；锁环式同步器 Abstract The birth of the ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n to a certai
n exte
nt, promote the co
nti
nuous developme
nt of the auto i
ndustry,
now almost all bra
nds of carswill be ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n as the basic model, a
nd the choice of all tra
nsmissio
n ma
nufacturers i
nvariably produces the tra
nsmissio
n. The ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n structure is simple a
nd reliable, high tra
nsmissio
n efficie
ncy, good fuel eco
nomy, a
nd full drivi
ng pleasure. The assig
nme
ntwas to desig
n a ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n for a fro
nt-e
nd e
ngi
ne for a car. This desig
n adopts two shafts, the tra
nsmissio
n has two outsta
ndi
ng adva
ntages: a pair of gear tra
nsmissio
n, so the tra
nsmissio
n efficie
ncy is high, the
noise is small. ; The seco
nd is that the i
ntermediate stops are o
nly drive
n by a pair of gears, so the tra
nsmissio
n efficie
ncy is high a
nd the
noise is small. Accordi
ng to the shape of the car,wheel tread,wheel base, the smallest grou
nd cleara
nce, the mi
nimum tur
ni
ng radius,vehicleweight, loadweight a
nd top speed combi
nedwithyour choice of parameters, such as suitable for the e
ngi
ne of the car models ca
n be co
ncluded that the maximum power of e
ngi
ne, torque, displaceme
nt a
nd other importa
nt parameters. Accordi
ng to the above parameters, combi
nedwith automobile desig
n, automobile theory, mecha
nical desig
n a
nd other releva
nt k
nowledge, the releva
nt tra
nsmissio
n parameters are calculated a
nd the ratio
nality of the desig
n is demo
nstrated. Its fu
nctio
n is:(1) cha
nge the tra
nsmissio
n ratio, expa
nd the drivi
ng ra
nge of rotary torque a
nd rotatio
nal speed, to adapt to the co
nsta
ntly cha
ngi
ng drivi
ng co
nditio
ns, such as starti
ng, acceleratio
n, hill, at the same time make the e
ngi
nework u
nder favorable co
nditio
ns; I
n the premise that the e
ngi
ne is rotati
ng i
n the same directio
n, the car ca
n go backward. The use of the gap, i
nterrupt power tra
nsmissio
n, so that the e
ngi
ne ca
n start, idle, a
nd facilitate the e
ngi
ne shift or power output. The tra
nsmissio
n has five forward gears a
nd o
ne reverse gear, a
nd the switch is realized through the lock ri
ng sy
nchro
nizer. Key Words：Ma
nual tra
nsmissio
n; Tra
nsmissio
n ratio; Gear; Lock ri
ng sy
nchro
nizer. 目录 第1章概述1 第2章变速器传动机构布置方案3 2.1变速器传动机构布置方案的确定3 2.1.1变速器传动机构的结构分析3 2.1.2传动机构的布置方案分析3 2.2变速器零、部件结构方案分析6 2.2.1齿轮形式6 2.2.2换挡机构形式6 2.2.3自动脱挡7 第3章变速器设计与计算9 3.1挡位数选择9 3.2传动比的选择9 3.3中心距A 11 3.4外形尺寸12 3.5齿轮参数13 3.5.1齿轮模数13 3.5.2压力角α 14 3.5.3螺旋角β 14 3.5.4齿宽b 14 3.5.5齿顶高系数15 3.5.6各挡齿轮齿数分配15 3.5.7齿轮精度的选择19 3.5.8螺旋方向的选择19 3.5.9齿轮变位系数的选择与计算20 3.5.10各齿轮主要参数21 第4章齿轮强度及校核23 4.1齿轮材料的选择23 4.2齿轮的损坏形式23 4.3轮齿强度计算23 4.3.1轮齿弯曲强度计算23 4.3.2轮齿接触应力计算25 第5章变速器轴及轴承的选择与计算27 5.1变速器轴的结构和尺寸27 5.1.1轴的结构分析27 5.1.2轴尺寸的确定27 5.2轴的校核30 5.3变速器轴承的选择34 5.3.1轴承的特点34 5.3.2变速器轴承选用分析35 5.3.3变速器轴承类型的选择36 第6章变速器同步器设计37 6.1锁环式同步器的结构37 6.2锁环式同步器主要尺寸的确定37 6.3花键的校核40 第7章变速器操纵机构43 7.1变速器操纵机构功用43 7.2换挡位置图43 7.3变速杆的布置44 7.4锁止装置45 7.4.1互锁装置45 7.4.2自锁装置47 7.4.3倒挡锁装置47 第8章UG9.0装配说明49 8.1箱座49 8.2箱盖52 8.3齿轮55 8.4锁环式同步器60 8.4.1花键毂60 8.4.2同步锁环61 8.4.3啮合套62 8.4.4销63 8.5变速杆64 8.5.1换挡杆64 8.5.2弹簧66 8.5.3拨叉66 8.5.4滑块67 8.6轴承端盖67 8.6.1毡圈油封与调整垫片67 8.6.2轴承端盖68 8.7轴69 8.8标准件70 8.9装配71 8.9.1接触对齐71 8.9.2平行72 8.9.3距离73 8.9.4装配体73 8.10爆炸图75 第9章结论79 附录81 参考文献105 致谢107