机械5

C620-3型普通车床数控化改造（横向与纵向进给系统） 摘要 伴随市场经济的高速发展，企业想要在竞争激烈的环境中生存和发展，就必须用更高的品质，更短的时间和更普惠的价格去占领市场，满足市场的要求。现今，普通机床已经很难满足多品种、高效率的生产要求，而数控机床不论是在生产效率，还是加工精度上都优于普通车床，能够更好地满足产品生产设计要求。目前我国有存有大量老旧的普通车床，这是一批很好的可再用资源，利用数控系统改造这些机床后，可极大的提高生产效率和加工质量，节约成本。 此次设计的主要内容是对C620-3型普通车床进行数控化改造，为保证传动的精度，使传动能够准确且高效，横向和纵向导轨均选用贴塑导轨。传动系统采用滚珠丝杠，并通过对滚珠丝杠进行拉伸以保证传动系统的刚度。采用调隙齿轮来消除间隙，用步进电机作为驱动元件。为保证加工螺纹时，主轴每转一转，刀架移动一个所加工螺纹的螺距或导程，在主轴上安装脉冲编码器，并对横向和纵向进给系统实现单片机控制，使之成为一个可独立的运动的开环伺服系统。 改造完成后的机床具有定位，直线插补，循环加工，公英制螺纹加工等功能，自动化程度提高，零件加工适应性更强。 关键词：车床；改造；数控；滚珠丝杆；单片机 Abstract Alo
ngwith the rapid developme
nt of market eco
nomy, e
nterpriseswa
nt to survive a
nd develop i
n the competitive e
nviro
nme
nt, it must bewith higher quality, shorter time a
nd more pratt&whit
ney price to occupy the market, meet the requireme
nts of the market. Today, ge
neral machi
ne tools is hard to meet productio
n requireme
nts, ma
nyvarieties, high efficie
ncy a
nd
nc machi
ne tools both i
n productio
n efficie
ncy, is better tha
n the ordi
nary lathe a
nd machi
ni
ng precisio
n, better able to meet the requireme
nts of product desig
n. At prese
nt our cou
ntry has bei
ng a large
number of old ordi
nary lathe, this is a group ofvery good reusable resources, use these machi
ne tool
numerical co
ntrol system, ca
n greatly i
ncrease the productio
n efficie
ncy a
nd machi
ni
ng quality, cost savi
ngs. The mai
n co
nte
nt of this graduatio
n desig
n is o
n C620-3 type e
ngi
ne lathe
numerical co
ntrol tra
nsformatio
n, to e
nsure the accuracy of tra
nsmissio
n, the drive ca
n be accurate a
nd efficie
nt, horizo
ntal a
ndvertical guide modelwas used for the guide. The drive system adopts ball screw a
nd e
nsures the rigidity of the drive system by stretchi
ng the ball screw. The gap gear is used to elimi
nate the gap a
nd the steppi
ng motor is used as the drivi
ng eleme
nt. I
n order to e
nsure thread machi
ni
ng spi
ndle each tur
n a tur
n, tool post processed by movi
ng a thread pitch or lead, pulse e
ncoder i
nstalled o
n the mai
n shaft, a
nd the tra
nsverse a
nd lo
ngitudi
nal feed system realize the si
ngle-chip microcomputer co
ntrol, make it become a
n i
ndepe
nde
nt moveme
nt of the ope
n loop servo system. After the tra
nsformatio
n, the machi
ne tool has the fu
nctio
ns of positio
ni
ng, li
near i
nterpolatio
n, circular processi
ng, a
nd male i
nch screw thread processi
ng. The automatio
n degree is improved, a
nd the processi
ng adaptability of parts is stro
nger. Keywords：lathe； Tra
nsformatio
n； Numerical co
ntrol； Ball screw； Si
ngle chip microcomputer 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章概述- 1- 1.1设计的目的- 1- 1.2设计任务- 1- 1.3设计的必要性- 1- 第2章总体方案设计- 3- 2.1系统的运动方式和伺服系统的选择- 3- 2.2机械结构改造方式- 3- 2.2.1横向滚珠丝杠- 3- 2.2.2纵向滚珠丝杠- 3- 2.2.3导轨副- 3- 2.2.4主轴脉冲发生器- 3- 2.2.5安装电动卡盘- 4- 2.3总体方案- 4- 第3章进给伺服系统设计- 5- 3.1纵向进给私服系统- 6- 3.1.1计算进给牵引力（N）- 6- 3.1.2计算最大动载荷C- 6- 3.1.3滚珠丝杠螺母副的选型- 7- 3.1.4计算滚珠丝杠螺母副的传动效率- 7- 3.1.5刚度验算- 7- 3.1.6校核稳定性- 9- 3.2横向进给伺服系统- 9- 3.2.1计算进给牵引力- 9- 3.2.2计算最大动负载C- 9- 3.2.3滚珠丝杠螺母副的选型- 10- 3.2.4计算滚珠丝杠螺母副的传动效率- 10- 3.2.5刚度验算- 10- 3.2.6稳定性计算- 11- 3.2.7滚珠丝杠螺母副几何参数- 12- 3.3计算齿轮传动比- 12- 3.3.1计算纵向进给齿轮箱传动比- 12- 3.3.2计算横向进给齿轮箱传动比- 13- 3.4步进电机选型- 14- 3.4.1步进电机介绍- 14- 3.4.2纵向步进电机选择计算- 15- 第4章车床数控化进给轴的改造- 23- 4.1滚珠丝杠的选择和布置结构形式- 23- 4.2机床导轨- 24- 4.3电机与丝杠的联接- 25- 第5章车床保养的内容和要求- 26- 5.1日常保养- 26- 5.2定期保养- 26- 第6章结论- 28- 参考文献- 29- 致谢- 30-