摘要 在我国,截止到2005年底,全国滴灌面积已达2133. 8万hm2,但其应用面积仅占我国总灌溉面积的1%,其主要原因之一就是滴灌工程单位造价过高。通过降低常规滴灌系统的运行压力来降低滴灌工程单位造价已渐成为目前滴灌技术一个新的热点研究方向。灌水器是滴灌系统的最重要的组成部件之一，其水力特性对系统灌水的均匀性、造价和系统寿命影响很大。目前，世界滴灌灌水器研究的发展趋势主要有两个方面，一是发展大流道灌水器，增强灌水器的抗堵塞性能；二是开发各种压力补偿式灌水器，提高系统的灌水均匀性。 本文对压力补偿灌水器结构进行设计，同时实际一台性能试验机完成对压力补偿灌水器性能测试。本文主要设计试验机的动力单元。 关键词：滴灌；压力补偿灌水器；试验机 ABSTRACT I
n our cou
ntry, by the e
nd of 2005, the
natio
nal irrigatio
n area has reached 21338000 Hm2, but its applicatio
n area accou
nts for 1% of irrigated area i
n our cou
ntry, the mai
n reaso
n is the high cost of drip irrigatio
n e
ngi
neeri
ng u
nit. Through the operatio
n of the pressure reduci
ng co
nve
ntio
nal drip irrigatio
n system to reduce the cost of drip irrigatio
n project u
nit has become the curre
nt drip irrigatio
n tech
nology is a
new hot research directio
n. The emitter is o
ne of the most importa
nt compo
ne
nts of drip irrigatio
n system, the hydraulic characteristics of the large system of irrigatio
n u
niformity, cost a
nd system life i
nflue
nce. At prese
nt, the developme
nt tre
nd of the research o
n theworld of drip irrigatio
n emitter mai
nly has two aspects, o
ne is the developme
nt of big cha
n
nel of emitter, e
nha
nce the a
nti cloggi
ng performa
nce of emitter; the two is the developme
nt of all ki
nds of pressure compe
nsati
ng emitter, improve the system of irrigatio
n u
niformity. This paper carries o
n the desig
n to the pressure compe
nsati
ng emitter structure, at the same time, a performa
nce test machi
ne the actual completio
n of the pressure compe
nsati
ng emitter performa
nce test. Power u
nit mai
nly desig
n the experime
ntal machi
ne. Keywords: drip irrigatio
n; pressure compe
nsatio
n emitter; testi
ng machi
ne 目录 摘要1 ABSTRACT 2 第一章前言5 1.1课题研究的意义5 1.2课题的研究现状6 1.3本文主要研究的内容8 第二章压力补偿灌水器结构设计9 2.1常用压力补偿灌水器分类9 2.1.1孔口式压力补偿灌水器9 2.1.2扁平式压力补偿灌水器11 2.1.3圆柱式压力补偿灌水器13 2.1本次方案的确认16 第三章压力补偿灌水器试验机方案确认18 3.1试验原理18 3.2动力单元方案确认18 3.2.1流体传动18 3.2.2流体传动有点19 第四章试验装置的设计21 4.1技术要求及工况分析21 4.2拟定系统原理图21 4.3系统的计算（参照液压系统计算） 22 4.3.1水泵和电机的确定22 4.3.2确定管道尺寸23 4.3.3确定水水箱容积23 4.4系统的验算24 4.4.1压力损失的验算24 4.4完成试验装置装配图25 结论26 参考文献27 致谢28