摘要
近年来,我国持续不断的发展农业机械化,加上有关工作人员对挖树机等一系列的农业机械装置的热衷不断。因此怎么设计效率高、实用,操作简单的挖树机是一个重要的发展点。本文设计的小型挖树机将参照国外大约翰型的树木移栽机的结构,针对国内现有的研究条件,对原移栽机进行尺寸上的改造。本文设计的小型挖树机可以悬挂在拖拉机或装载机后,与之配合使用,采用液压传动做传动系统。机械结构包括有铲刀、机架、导轨、提升架等。在液压传动部分,本文将根据设计要求,自行设计一套完整的液压系统。通过查阅资料,完成标准件的计算、选型和校核,并画出液压系统的原理图。在机械结构部分,本文将针对铲刀、机架、导轨做相关设计。
关键词:小型挖树机;液压传动;挖树装置;结构设计
Desig
n of small tree excavators Abstract I
n rece
nt years, Chi
na's co
nti
nuous developme
nt of agricultural mecha
nizatio
n, coupled with the releva
nt staff of the tree diggi
ng machi
ne a
nd a series of agricultural machi
nery equipme
nt e
nthusiasm. So how to desig
n high efficie
ncy, practical, simple operatio
n of tree diggi
ng machi
ne is a
n importa
nt poi
nt of developme
nt. The small tree diggi
ng machi
ne desig
ned i
n this paper will refer to the structure of foreig
n big Joh
n tree tra
nspla
nter a
nd tra
nsform the size of the origi
nal tra
nspla
nter accordi
ng to the existi
ng domestic research co
nditio
ns.I
n this paper, The small tree digger desig
ned i
n this paper ca
n be hu
ng behi
nd the tractor or loader, with the use of hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n as the tra
nsmissio
n system. The mecha
nical structure i
ncludes shovel k
nife, frame, guide rail, lifti
ng frame a
nd so o
n. I
n the hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n part, this paper will desig
n a complete hydraulic system accordi
ng to the desig
n requireme
nts. Through access to i
nformatio
n, complete the sta
ndard parts of the calculatio
n, selectio
n a
nd check, a
nd draw the hydraulic system schematic diagram. I
n the mecha
nical structure part, this paper will be for the shovel k
nife, frame, guide rail to do the releva
nt desig
n. Key Words: Small semi-automatic diggi
ng machi
ne tree;Hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n device ;Dig tree device 目录 1绪论1 1.1课题研究背景及意义1 1.1.1研究背景1 1.1.2研究意义2 1.2挖树机的国内外研究现状2 2机械结构设计4 2.1研究方案4 2.1.1方案设计4 2.1.2方案确定6 2.2挖树机总体结构与工作原理6 2.2.1挖树机的总体结构6 2.2.2挖树机的工作原理和过程7 2.3土球大小确定7 2.4挖树铲刀及导向机构设计8 2.4.1铲刀形式8 2.4.2铲刀下铲阻力计算说明10 2.4.3铲刀导向机构设计10 2.5底座及升降机构的设计12 2.5.1底座结构设计12 2.5.2开合油缸行程计算13 2.5.3升降装置设计.....................................................................................14 2.5.4升降油缸的行程计算14 3液压传动系统的设计15 3.1液压系统的组成15 3.2液压子系统设计15 3.2.1开合装置液压子系统15 3.2.2铲土装置液压子系统16 3.2.3升降装置液压子系统17 3.3液压系统执行元件的计算与选型18 3.3.1开合装置子系统18 3.3.2铲土装置液压子系统20 3.3.3升降液压子系统22 3.4液压系统辅助元件的选型25 3.4.1液压泵的选择25 3.4.2油箱设计26 3.4.3冷却器的设计26 3.4.4液压阀的选择26 3.4.5液压油的选择27 3.4.6油管的选择27 3.5液压系统压力的验算28 4结论与展望30 参考文献31 致谢32
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n of small tree excavators Abstract I
n rece
nt years, Chi
na's co
nti
nuous developme
nt of agricultural mecha
nizatio
n, coupled with the releva
nt staff of the tree diggi
ng machi
ne a
nd a series of agricultural machi
nery equipme
nt e
nthusiasm. So how to desig
n high efficie
ncy, practical, simple operatio
n of tree diggi
ng machi
ne is a
n importa
nt poi
nt of developme
nt. The small tree diggi
ng machi
ne desig
ned i
n this paper will refer to the structure of foreig
n big Joh
n tree tra
nspla
nter a
nd tra
nsform the size of the origi
nal tra
nspla
nter accordi
ng to the existi
ng domestic research co
nditio
ns.I
n this paper, The small tree digger desig
ned i
n this paper ca
n be hu
ng behi
nd the tractor or loader, with the use of hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n as the tra
nsmissio
n system. The mecha
nical structure i
ncludes shovel k
nife, frame, guide rail, lifti
ng frame a
nd so o
n. I
n the hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n part, this paper will desig
n a complete hydraulic system accordi
ng to the desig
n requireme
nts. Through access to i
nformatio
n, complete the sta
ndard parts of the calculatio
n, selectio
n a
nd check, a
nd draw the hydraulic system schematic diagram. I
n the mecha
nical structure part, this paper will be for the shovel k
nife, frame, guide rail to do the releva
nt desig
n. Key Words: Small semi-automatic diggi
ng machi
ne tree;Hydraulic tra
nsmissio
n device ;Dig tree device 目录 1绪论1 1.1课题研究背景及意义1 1.1.1研究背景1 1.1.2研究意义2 1.2挖树机的国内外研究现状2 2机械结构设计4 2.1研究方案4 2.1.1方案设计4 2.1.2方案确定6 2.2挖树机总体结构与工作原理6 2.2.1挖树机的总体结构6 2.2.2挖树机的工作原理和过程7 2.3土球大小确定7 2.4挖树铲刀及导向机构设计8 2.4.1铲刀形式8 2.4.2铲刀下铲阻力计算说明10 2.4.3铲刀导向机构设计10 2.5底座及升降机构的设计12 2.5.1底座结构设计12 2.5.2开合油缸行程计算13 2.5.3升降装置设计.....................................................................................14 2.5.4升降油缸的行程计算14 3液压传动系统的设计15 3.1液压系统的组成15 3.2液压子系统设计15 3.2.1开合装置液压子系统15 3.2.2铲土装置液压子系统16 3.2.3升降装置液压子系统17 3.3液压系统执行元件的计算与选型18 3.3.1开合装置子系统18 3.3.2铲土装置液压子系统20 3.3.3升降液压子系统22 3.4液压系统辅助元件的选型25 3.4.1液压泵的选择25 3.4.2油箱设计26 3.4.3冷却器的设计26 3.4.4液压阀的选择26 3.4.5液压油的选择27 3.4.6油管的选择27 3.5液压系统压力的验算28 4结论与展望30 参考文献31 致谢32
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