摘要 塔设备是一种在石油化工、炼油、医药及环境保护等工业部门应用十分广泛的重要单元操作设备。其工作原理是通过内部结构使气液两相或液液之间充分接触，实现质量传递和热量传递。精馏、吸收、解吸、萃取、洗涤、冷却及气体增湿等单元操作，塔设备都能很好的完成。 浮阀塔突出的优点是较大的生产能力和操作弹性，在较宽的气相负荷范围内，对塔板效率影响较小，浮阀塔的操作弹性相较于筛板塔有了较大的改善；浮阀塔的塔板效率较高是因为浮阀塔的气液接触状态较好，而且气体是沿水平方向被吹入液层，因此所夹带的雾沫较小；浮阀塔的塔板结构及安装都相对简单，重量比较轻，制造费用相对较低，是当今工业部门应用最广泛的塔型之一。工作原理为蒸气由塔底进入，与下降液进行逆流接触，两相接触中，下降液中的易挥发(低沸点)组分不断地向蒸气中转移，蒸气中的难挥发(高沸点)组分不断地向下降液中转移，愈接近塔顶的蒸汽，其中易挥发的组分浓度就愈高，而愈接近塔底得下降液，其中难挥发的组分就更加富集，从而达到组分分离的目的。蒸气持续上升由塔顶进入冷凝器，一部分冷凝的液体作为回流液重新由塔顶进入精馏塔中，剩下的另一部分则作为馏出液取出。而由塔底排出的液体，一部分输送进再沸器，经过热蒸发之后，产生的蒸气再次进入塔中，剩下的另一部分液体，作为釜残液取出。 本设计为DN1600浮阀塔结构及强度设计。首先，选择塔体、封头、支座及塔内件等部件所使用的材料，按设计压力查找筒体与封头的有效壁厚；其次，计算所涉及到的各种载荷，其中包括塔体的重量，平台扶梯的重量，物料的重量、保温层的重量以及充水后的重量等；最后一步计算塔体的自振周期，风载荷与风弯矩，地震载荷与地震弯矩，塔体稳定性与强度较核，塔体水压试验应力验算，裙座验算，基础环设计，基础螺栓计算，焊接结构设计，塔顶振幅及开孔补强等。若上述的各项设计计算均验算合格，则强度和稳定性计算校核符合要求。 该塔适用于沉阳地区，该地区的基本风压值为450Pa；7级抗震设防烈度，设计地震分组为第一组；基本地震加速度为0.1g；土质为Ⅱ类场地土；地面粗糙度为B类；主要介质为丙烯、丙烷、丁烷；工作压力为1.9MPa，工作温度80℃；塔体是塔设备的外壳，由等直径、等壁厚的圆筒以及作为头盖和低盖的椭圆形封头所组成。该浮阀塔为Ⅲ类压力容器，焊接接头为双面焊对接接头，100％无损检测。 该浮阀塔的塔体总高约为33.5m，塔体直径为1600mm，塔壳壁厚为12mm，塔内装有50层浮阀塔盘，每块塔盘间距为500mm，塔器的最大质量为95575kg。筒体采用Q345R材料，裙座采用Q235A材料。 关键词:浮阀塔；结构；强度;稳定性 Abstract Tower is a petrochemical, oil refi
ni
ng equipme
nt, medici
ne a
nd e
nviro
nme
ntal protectio
n i
ndustries are widely used importa
nt u
nit operatio
n equipme
nt. Its worki
ng pri
nciple is through the i
nter
nal structure betwee
n two phase or liquid liquid quickly full access, realize the mass tra
nsfer a
nd heat tra
nsfer. Distillatio
n, extractio
n, washi
ng, absorptio
n, desorptio
n, cooli
ng, a
nd u
nit operatio
ns, such as gas humidificatio
n tower equipme
nt ca
n very good fi
nish. Float valve tower promi
ne
nt adva
ntage is that the larger productio
n capacity a
nd operati
ng flexibility, i
n a wide ra
nge of gas phase load, less i
nflue
nce of plate efficie
ncy, the operatio
n of the float valve tower elasticity improved greatly compared with sieve plate tower; Float valve tower of plate efficie
ncy is higher because the float valve tower of gas liquid co
ntact state is better, a
nd the gas is alo
ng the horizo
ntal directio
n was blow
n i
nto the liquid layer, therefore the e
ntrai
ned e
ntrai
nme
nt is small; Float valve tower plate structure a
nd the i
nstallatio
n is relatively simple, lighter weight, ma
nufacturi
ng costs are relatively low, is the i
ndustry o
ne of the most widely used type tower. Worki
ng pri
nciple for the steam from the bottom to, cou
ntercurre
nt co
ntact with falli
ng liquid, two phase co
ntact, the decli
ne of volatile liquid (low boili
ng poi
nt) compo
ne
nt to move to steam, the steam i
n the difficult volatile compo
ne
nts (high boili
ng poi
nt) to tra
nsfer i
n the liquid drop, the more close to the top of the steam, the volatile compo
ne
nts of the higher the co
nce
ntratio
n was, the more close to the bottom liquid drop, the e
nrichme
nt of volatile compo
ne
nts are more hard, so as to achieve the goal of compo
ne
nt separatio
n. Steam risi
ng from the top of the tower i
nto the co
nde
nser, part of the cooli
ng liquid as a backflow from the top of the tower agai
n i
nto rectifyi
ng colum
n, the rest of the others as the distillate. A
nd liquid discharged from the bottom part of the co
nveyor i
nto the reboiler, after thermal evaporatio
n, the steam i
nto the tower agai
n, a
nother part of the remai
ni
ng liquid, as a kettle residual liquid. This desig
n for the i
n
ner diameter of 1600 mm float valve tower structure a
nd stre
ngth desig
n. First, select the tower body, head, beari
ng a
nd tower i
nter
nal parts a
nd other compo
ne
nts used by material, accordi
ng to the desig
n pressure for cyli
nder a
nd head of effective thick
ness; Seco
ndly, computi
ng i
nvolves a variety of load, i
ncludi
ng the weight of the tower body, the weight of the platform escalators, the weight of the material, the weight of the i
nsulatio
n layer a
nd water after filli
ng weight, etc.; Natural cycle of the last step i
n calculatio
n of tower body, the wi
nd the wi
nd load a
nd the be
ndi
ng mome
nt, seismic load a
nd the seismic mome
nt, tower body stability a
nd stre
ngth is
nuclear, tower body hydrostatic test stress calculatio
n, the skirt calculatio
n, base ri
ng desig
n, fou
ndatio
n bolts, weldi
ng structure desig
n, the tower amplitude a
nd ope
ni
ng rei
nforceme
nt, etc. If the above desig
n a
nd calculatio
n of the calculatio
n of qualified, the stre
ngth a
nd stability calculatio
n checki
ng meets the requireme
nts. The tower is used, she
nya
ng regio
n, the regio
n's basic wi
nd pressure value is 450 pa. Desig
n earthquake mag
nitude 7 earthquake fortificatio
n i
nte
nsity, grouped i
nto the first group; Basic earthquake acceleratio
n of 0.1 g; Soil for Ⅱ soil site; The grou
nd rough
ness for class B; Mai
n medium for propyle
ne, propa
ne, buta
ne; Worki
ng pressure is 1.9 MPa, worki
ng temperature 80 ℃; The tower body is tower equipme
nt shell, by such as diameter, wall thick
ness, such as the cyli
nder a
nd the cra
nium a
nd low cover of ellipsoidal head. The float valve tower as Ⅲ class pressure vessels, weldi
ng joi
nt for double-sided welded butt joi
nt, 100%
no
n-destructive testi
ng. The float valve tower of the tower's total about 33.5 m high, the tower body diameter of 1600 mm, the tower shell wall thick
ness is 12 mm, the tower is equipped with 50 layer float valve tray, each tray spaci
ng is 500 mm, the quality as the largest tower i
n 95575 kg. Cyli
nder adopts Q345R material, skirt Q235A materials. Keywords: float valve tower; structure; stre
ngth; stability 目录 第一章引言1 第二章强度及稳定性计算2 2.1塔壳强度计算2 2.2塔器质量计算3 2.3塔器的基本自振周期计算4 2.4地震载荷及地震弯矩计算4 2.5风载荷和风弯矩计算5 2.6圆筒应力校核6 2.7裙座壳轴向应力校核7 2.8地脚螺栓8 2.9基础环厚度计算8 2.10筋板9 2.11盖板(有垫板的环形盖板) 9 2.12裙座与塔壳连接焊缝验算(对接焊缝) 10 第三章开孔补强12 3.1补强的判据12 3.2对人孔和检查孔进行补强12 3.3对再沸器入口进行补强14 3.4对釜液进再沸器入口进行补强15 3.5对塔顶蒸汽出口进行补强16 3.6对回流液入口进行补强18 3.7对进料口进行补强19 3.8对釜液出料口进行补强19 参考文献21 致谢22