摘要
近年来,随着人们对粮食的需求不断增加,种植面积随之不断扩大。但粮食收获后会残留下来粮食作物秸秆,需要对秸秆进行粉碎,粉碎后可以作为饲料进行二次利用。现在市场上秸秆粉碎机种类繁杂,普遍存在着功能较为单一,粉碎效率较低,智能化程度不高,结构复杂,能耗较高,不能够满足不同硬度秸秆的粉碎需求。
本文设计一种新型的秸秆饲料粉碎机。首先对整机的工作原理、工作方式进行分析研究。其次,对总体方案进行制订,对总体结构进行设计,包括盘式切碎装置、可调的压辊式喂料装置、输送装置、传动机构、机架和行走装置等。再其次,对关键零部件进行设计计算,包括切碎组件、喂料组件、输送组件及切碎主轴的尺寸参数计算。最后,对传动系统进行设计计算,包括带传动的设计计算,电机的选型设计,轴、轴承、键的校核等。综合设计出一种新型的秸秆粉碎机,这种粉碎机不仅造价低,同时拥有粉碎效率高、性能稳定、节能、结构简单等优点,有着广阔的市场前景。
关键词:秸秆粉碎机;总体结构;切碎组件;输送组件;喂料组件
ABSTRACT
I
n rece
nt years, with people's i
ncreasi
ng dema
nd for food, the pla
nti
ng area is co
nsta
ntly expa
ndi
ng. However, the grai
n harvest will remai
n the grai
n crop straw, the straw
needs to be crushed, which ca
n be used as feed after crushi
ng. At prese
nt, the types of straw gri
nder i
n the market are complicated, a
nd there are ge
nerally relatively si
ngle fu
nctio
n, low crushi
ng efficie
ncy, low i
ntellige
nce, complex structure, high e
nergy co
nsumptio
n, which ca
n
not meet the crushi
ng
needs of differe
nt hard
ness straw. This paper desig
ns a
new type of straw feed gri
nder. First, the worki
ng pri
nciple a
nd worki
ng mode of the whole machi
ne are a
nalyzed a
nd studied. Seco
ndly, the overall pla
n is formulated a
nd the overall structure is desig
ned, i
ncludi
ng disc cutti
ng device, adjustable pressure roller feedi
ng device, co
nveyi
ng device, tra
nsmissio
n mecha
nism, frame a
nd walki
ng device, etc. Seco
ndly, the desig
n a
nd calculatio
n of key compo
ne
nts, i
ncludi
ng the calculatio
n of dime
nsio
nal parameters of chopped compo
ne
nts, feedi
ng compo
ne
nts, co
nveyi
ng compo
ne
nts a
nd chopped spi
ndle. Fi
nally, the tra
nsmissio
n system is desig
ned a
nd calculated, i
ncludi
ng the tra
nsmissio
n desig
n a
nd calculatio
n, motor selectio
n desig
n, shaft, beari
ng, key check a
nd so o
n. Comprehe
nsive desig
n of a
new type of straw gri
nder, this gri
nder is
not o
nly low cost, but also has the adva
ntages of high crushi
ng efficie
ncy, stable performa
nce, e
nergy savi
ng, simple structure a
nd so o
n, has a broad market prospect. Keywords:Straw crusher;Overall structure;chopped compo
ne
nts;delivery compo
ne
nts; feedi
ng compo
ne
nt 目录 第1章绪论1 1.1选题意义及背景1 1.2国内外研究现状2 1.2.1国内研究现状2 1.2.2国外研究现状4 1.3研究方法和手段6 1.4研究目的与主要内容6 1.4.1研究目的6 1.4.2主要内容6 1.5本章小结7 第2章总体结构设计与分析8 2.1技术参数8 2.2整机结构设计与分析8 2.3关键零部件结构设计与分析10 2.3.1切碎组件的结构设计与分析10 2.3.2输送组件的结构设计与分析11 2.3.3喂料组件的结构设计与分析12 2.3.4传动系统组件的结构设计与分析13 2.3.5机架组件的结构设计与分析14 2.4本章小结14 第3章关键零部件尺寸参数计算16 3.1切碎组件尺寸参数计算16 3.1.1切刀运动分析16 3.1.2滑切角的计算17 3.1.3切刀的参数设计17 3.1.4刀架的参数设计18 3.2喂料组件尺寸参数计算19 3.2.1切碎长度计算19 3.2.2粉碎机生产率19 3.3输送组件尺寸参数计算20 3.3.1输送组件尺寸设计20 3.3.2输送组件功率计算21 3.4切碎主轴尺寸参数设计21 3.5本章小结22 第4章传动系统的计算选型与校核23 4.1已知参数23 4.2传动系统的设计计算23 4.2.1传动系统总效率的计算23 4.2.2传动比计算与分配23 4.3电机的计算选型24 4.3.1粉碎驱动电机计算选型24 4.3.2输送电机计算选型25 4.4 V带的计算选型26 4.4.1确定计算功率Pca 26 4.4.2 V带的选择26 4.4.3确定带轮的基准直径27 4.4.4确定传动中心距a和带的基准长度27 4.4.5确定验算主动轮(小带轮)上的包角28 4.4.6确定V带的根数28 4.4.7计算单根V带的初拉力F0 28 4.4.8计算压轴力Fp 28 4.5切碎主轴计算29 4.5.1轴的受力简图29 4.5.2轴的最小轴及分力计算29 4.5.3轴的受力分析与计算30 4.5.4轴的强度计算33 4.6键的强度校核34 4.7轴承的计算与校核34 4.8本章小结35 第5章安装与日常维护36 5.1安装注意事项36 5.2生产操作36 5.3设备维护36 结论38 参考文献39 致谢41 章章标记(打印前将其字体颜色变为白色,在打印预览中看不见即可): 第1章绪论 选题意义及背景 中国是一个农业大国,秸秆是粮食生产中的主要副产品之一,是极为丰富并能直接利用的可再生资源。以往,农民为节省额外的机械作业,常常选择就地焚烧。秸秆焚烧处理不仅污染空气,还会导致土壤肥力下降。如果长期进行秸秆还田,会对土壤水分状况产生影响,它能够抑
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n rece
nt years, with people's i
ncreasi
ng dema
nd for food, the pla
nti
ng area is co
nsta
ntly expa
ndi
ng. However, the grai
n harvest will remai
n the grai
n crop straw, the straw
needs to be crushed, which ca
n be used as feed after crushi
ng. At prese
nt, the types of straw gri
nder i
n the market are complicated, a
nd there are ge
nerally relatively si
ngle fu
nctio
n, low crushi
ng efficie
ncy, low i
ntellige
nce, complex structure, high e
nergy co
nsumptio
n, which ca
n
not meet the crushi
ng
needs of differe
nt hard
ness straw. This paper desig
ns a
new type of straw feed gri
nder. First, the worki
ng pri
nciple a
nd worki
ng mode of the whole machi
ne are a
nalyzed a
nd studied. Seco
ndly, the overall pla
n is formulated a
nd the overall structure is desig
ned, i
ncludi
ng disc cutti
ng device, adjustable pressure roller feedi
ng device, co
nveyi
ng device, tra
nsmissio
n mecha
nism, frame a
nd walki
ng device, etc. Seco
ndly, the desig
n a
nd calculatio
n of key compo
ne
nts, i
ncludi
ng the calculatio
n of dime
nsio
nal parameters of chopped compo
ne
nts, feedi
ng compo
ne
nts, co
nveyi
ng compo
ne
nts a
nd chopped spi
ndle. Fi
nally, the tra
nsmissio
n system is desig
ned a
nd calculated, i
ncludi
ng the tra
nsmissio
n desig
n a
nd calculatio
n, motor selectio
n desig
n, shaft, beari
ng, key check a
nd so o
n. Comprehe
nsive desig
n of a
new type of straw gri
nder, this gri
nder is
not o
nly low cost, but also has the adva
ntages of high crushi
ng efficie
ncy, stable performa
nce, e
nergy savi
ng, simple structure a
nd so o
n, has a broad market prospect. Keywords:Straw crusher;Overall structure;chopped compo
ne
nts;delivery compo
ne
nts; feedi
ng compo
ne
nt 目录 第1章绪论1 1.1选题意义及背景1 1.2国内外研究现状2 1.2.1国内研究现状2 1.2.2国外研究现状4 1.3研究方法和手段6 1.4研究目的与主要内容6 1.4.1研究目的6 1.4.2主要内容6 1.5本章小结7 第2章总体结构设计与分析8 2.1技术参数8 2.2整机结构设计与分析8 2.3关键零部件结构设计与分析10 2.3.1切碎组件的结构设计与分析10 2.3.2输送组件的结构设计与分析11 2.3.3喂料组件的结构设计与分析12 2.3.4传动系统组件的结构设计与分析13 2.3.5机架组件的结构设计与分析14 2.4本章小结14 第3章关键零部件尺寸参数计算16 3.1切碎组件尺寸参数计算16 3.1.1切刀运动分析16 3.1.2滑切角的计算17 3.1.3切刀的参数设计17 3.1.4刀架的参数设计18 3.2喂料组件尺寸参数计算19 3.2.1切碎长度计算19 3.2.2粉碎机生产率19 3.3输送组件尺寸参数计算20 3.3.1输送组件尺寸设计20 3.3.2输送组件功率计算21 3.4切碎主轴尺寸参数设计21 3.5本章小结22 第4章传动系统的计算选型与校核23 4.1已知参数23 4.2传动系统的设计计算23 4.2.1传动系统总效率的计算23 4.2.2传动比计算与分配23 4.3电机的计算选型24 4.3.1粉碎驱动电机计算选型24 4.3.2输送电机计算选型25 4.4 V带的计算选型26 4.4.1确定计算功率Pca 26 4.4.2 V带的选择26 4.4.3确定带轮的基准直径27 4.4.4确定传动中心距a和带的基准长度27 4.4.5确定验算主动轮(小带轮)上的包角28 4.4.6确定V带的根数28 4.4.7计算单根V带的初拉力F0 28 4.4.8计算压轴力Fp 28 4.5切碎主轴计算29 4.5.1轴的受力简图29 4.5.2轴的最小轴及分力计算29 4.5.3轴的受力分析与计算30 4.5.4轴的强度计算33 4.6键的强度校核34 4.7轴承的计算与校核34 4.8本章小结35 第5章安装与日常维护36 5.1安装注意事项36 5.2生产操作36 5.3设备维护36 结论38 参考文献39 致谢41 章章标记(打印前将其字体颜色变为白色,在打印预览中看不见即可): 第1章绪论 选题意义及背景 中国是一个农业大国,秸秆是粮食生产中的主要副产品之一,是极为丰富并能直接利用的可再生资源。以往,农民为节省额外的机械作业,常常选择就地焚烧。秸秆焚烧处理不仅污染空气,还会导致土壤肥力下降。如果长期进行秸秆还田,会对土壤水分状况产生影响,它能够抑
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