机械5

F150浮头式换热器的设计 摘要 换热器是工业生产中常用的设备，对不同工作介质中的换热器性能有不同的要求，是可以在冷热流体之间传输热量的设备。此次设计了双管程单壳程浮头式换热器。浮头换热器的一边是固定格栅，另一边是浮头。因此，益处是热应力相对较小，易于查验和清洗。缺点是结构更加复杂。 本次设计的主要设计参数为：管程设计压力为1.65Map，壳程为1.55Mpa；管程设计温度为420℃，壳程设计温度为90℃；管程介质是烟道气，壳程介质是水；管程腐蚀余量自定，壳程换热面积为150㎡。关于核实计算，采用了传统的工艺计算和强度计算。传统的换热工艺计算主要包括传热面积、传热系数的确定、管程降压、壳程压降、流体性质和压强校核等问题。强度计算的重点是管体、管箱、管头、验收、支撑、隔板和板厚计算、其他部位的设计和管法兰、垫片、安设、装配，以及一定程度的强度检查。本设计主要按GB 151《管壳式换热器》和GB 150《压力容器》设计。换热器广泛用于工业、农业和其它领域，当然，在日常生活和现实中，热交换设备是非常普遍的，是不能缺少的工业设备之一。随着科学的不断发展，产业应用也取得了显着成果。 关键词:换热器；结构设计；热力计算；强度校核；应用范围 ABSTRACT Heat excha
ngers are commo
nly used equipme
nt i
n i
ndustrial productio
n. They have differe
nt requireme
nts for the performa
nce of heat excha
ngers i
n differe
nt worki
ng media. They are devices that ca
n tra
nsfer heat betwee
n hot a
nd cold fluids. This paper desig
ns a floati
ng head heat excha
nger with double tube a
nd si
ngle shell. The fixed grille is o
n o
ne side of the floati
ng head heat excha
nger a
nd the floati
ng head is o
n the other side. Therefore, the thermal stress be
nefit is relatively small a
nd easy to i
nspect a
nd clea
n. The dow
nside is that the structure is more complex. The mai
n desig
n parameters of this desig
n are as follows: the desig
n pressure of the tube is 1.65Map, a
nd the shell is 1.55Mpa. The shell side of the tube side desig
n temperature is 420 ℃, desig
n temperature is 90 ℃; Pipe medium is flue gas, shell medium is water; The shell side of the tube side corrosio
n allowa
nce si
nce, so the heat excha
nge area of 150 ㎡. For verificatio
n calculatio
n, traditio
nal process calculatio
n a
nd stre
ngth calculatio
n are adopted. The traditio
nal calculatio
n of heat tra
nsfer process mai
nly i
ncludes heat tra
nsfer area, determi
natio
n of heat tra
nsfer coefficie
nt, pipe pressure reductio
n, shell pressure drop, fluid properties a
nd pressure check a
nd other issues. Stre
ngth calculatio
n focuses o
n pipe body, pipe box, pipe head, accepta
nce, support, diaphragm a
nd plate thick
ness calculatio
n, other parts of the desig
n a
nd pipe fla
nge, gasket, i
nstallatio
n, assembly, a
nd a certai
n degree of stre
ngth i
nspectio
n. This desig
n is mai
nly desig
ned accordi
ng to GB 151 shell a
nd tube heat excha
nger a
nd GB 150 pressure vessel. Heat excha
nger is widely used i
n i
ndustry, agriculture a
nd other fields, of course, i
n daily life a
nd reality, heat excha
nge equipme
nt is very commo
n, is o
ne of the i
ndispe
nsable i
ndustrial equipme
nt. With the co
nti
nuous developme
nt of scie
nce i
ndustrial applicatio
n has also achieved remarkable results. Key words: heat excha
nger; Structure desig
n; heat calculatio
n； Stre
ngth check； Applicatio
n ra
nge 目录 1绪论1 1.1浮头式换热器简介1 1.2浮头式换热器原理1 1.3浮头式换热器优缺点1 1.4换热器的应用1 2结构设计3 2.1换热流程设计3 2.2管子和传热面积3 2.3管子排列方式3 2.4壳体4 2.5管箱4 2.6固定管板5 2.7分程隔板5 2.8折流板6 2.9拉杆7 2.10进出口管8 2.11浮头箱9 2.12浮头9 2.13补强圈10 2.14法兰10 2.15支座12 3强度校核14 3.1管箱封头的校核14 3.2管箱筒体的校核15 3.3壳程圆筒的校核16 3.4管箱法兰的校核17 3.5筒体法兰的校核18 3.6管箱螺栓间距的校核19 3.7筒体螺栓间距的校核20 3.8总体强度校核方法21 4加工工艺22 4.1简体22 4.2封头和管箱22 4.3管子23 4.4管板23 4.5折流板23 4.6膨胀节23 4.7管束的组装24 4.8管子与管板的连接24 4.9焊后热处理24 4.10设备组装24 5换热器的安全防腐25 5.1换热器的腐蚀25 5.2换热器的防腐25 5.3换热器的清洗26 5.4换热器的防垢处理27 参考文献29 致谢30