作为重要的节能装置,换热器在石油、化工、冶金等等领域都得到了广泛的应用,可以有效提升能源使用的高效性。特别是在当今可持续发展路线,节能环保成为工业发展的一个主题。国内外许多研究机构和大学都对换热器的研究给予了极大的重视。
根据任务书要求,本设计设计对象为F110填料函式换热器,主要为换热器的工艺计算、换热器的结构以及强度的设计。本设计涵盖了以下几个层面:工艺计算;换热器选型、传热系数核对。计算出所需要的管壳程的各部分结构,并初步选定结构的各部分参数,如材料尺寸等;第二部分是关于结构以及强度的设计校核,主要是对选定的各部件的设计进行应力计算;第三部分是对换热器的制造安装,防腐以及后期的维护保养做出说明。
经过反复的修改结构设计参数,以及图纸的绘画,完成了填料函式换热器的设计。
关键词:填料函;强度;焊接;防腐
ABSTRACT
The heat excha
nger is a very importa
nt e
nergy-savi
ng device that ca
n greatly i
ncrease the efficie
ncy of e
nergy use. It is widely used i
n various fields such as petroleum, chemical i
ndustry, power, a
nd metallurgy. It occupies a particularly importa
nt positio
n i
n the
natio
nal eco
nomy, especially i
n walki
ng. Today, sustai
nable developme
nt has made e
nergy co
nservatio
n a
nd e
nviro
nme
ntal protectio
n the mai
n theme of i
ndustrial developme
nt. Heat excha
ngers are particularly importa
nt i
n the applicatio
n of mitigatio
n of e
nergy shortages. Research i
nstitutio
ns at home a
nd abroad, u
niversities a
nd colleges have always attached great importa
nce to the study of heat excha
ngers. Accordi
ng to the requireme
nts of the missio
n stateme
nt, this desig
n a
nd desig
n object is a F110 packi
ng heat excha
nger, which is mai
nly for the process calculatio
n of the heat excha
nger, the structure of the heat excha
nger a
nd the desig
n of the stre
ngth. The mai
n process of this desig
n is divided i
nto three parts. The first part is the process calculatio
n part, which mai
nly co
nsists of a give
n heat excha
nge area a
nd other parameters. The heat excha
nger is selected, the heat tra
nsfer coefficie
nt is calibrated, a
nd the required shell is calculated. The various parts of the structure, a
nd the i
nitial selectio
n of various parameters of the structure, such as the size of the material, etc.; the seco
nd part is about the desig
n a
nd verificatio
n of the structure a
nd stre
ngth, mai
nly for the stress calculatio
n of the selected parts of the desig
n; The part is to explai
n the ma
nufacturi
ng a
nd i
nstallatio
n of heat excha
ngers, a
nti-corrosio
n a
nd the mai
nte
na
nce of the later stage. After repeated modificatio
n of the structural desig
n parameters a
nd drawi
ng drawi
ngs, the desig
n of the filler heat excha
nger was completed. Keywords: stuffi
ng box ;stre
ngth; weldi
ng ;a
nticorrosio
n 目录 1概述1 1.1设计背景1 1.2.换热器的分类1 1.2.1按照作用原理和实现传热的方式分类1 1.2.2按使用目的分类2 1.2.3按照传热面的形状和材料分类2 1.3管壳式换热器(列管式换热器) 2 1.4设计的任务3 2 F110填料函式换热器结构选择4 2.1 F110填料函式换热器设计工艺参数及要求4 2.1.1烟道气的物性4 2.2.2水的物性5 2.1.3流体空间的选择5 2.2换热器结构与结构参数的选择5 2.2.1换热管尺寸5 2.2.2换热管数量6 2.2.3换热管的排列和管心距6 2.2.4换热管的材料7 2.2.5壳体7 2.3进出口设计9 2.3.1接管接管伸出长度9 2.3.2接管与筒体、管箱壳体的连接9 2.3.3排气、排液管9 2.4管箱9 2.4.1管箱结构形式9 2.4.2管箱材料的选择10 2.5管板12 2.5.1管板结构选择12 2.5.2管板的计算12 2.5.1最小厚度13 2.6管板与管箱的连接14 2.7管板与换热管的连接14 2.7.1胀接14 2.7.2焊接14 2.7.3胀焊结合14 2.7.4焊接方法及结构15 2.8壳体与管板的连接结构16 2.8.1容器法兰的结构选择16 2.8.2容器法兰的参数选择16 2.8.3外头盖法兰、外头盖侧法兰与外头盖垫片、浮头垫片16 2.9接管最小位置17 2.9.1壳程接管位置的最小尺寸17 2.9.2管箱接管位置最小尺寸17 3 F110填料函式式换热器其他各部件结构19 3.1折流板与支承板19 3.1.1折流板的主要几何参数19 3.1.2折流板的最小厚度19 3.1.3折流板的管孔20 3.1.4折流板外直径及允许偏差20 3.1.5折流板间距20 3.2防冲与导流21 3.2.1防冲板的结构21 3.2.2防冲板的位置和尺寸22 3.3拉杆与定距管22 3.3.1拉杆的结构和尺寸22 3.3.2拉杆的布置23 3.3.3定距管尺寸23 3.4纵向隔板23 3.5封头、法兰以及鞍座的选择24 3.5.1封头的选用24 3.5.2法兰结构类型24 3.5.3鞍座的选择24 4填料函式换热器部分强度设计及校核25 4.1管子与管板连接拉脱力的校核25 4.1.1换热管轴向应力25 4.1.2换热管与管板连接拉脱力25 4.2径向应力26 4.3.1计算设计力矩M和管板延长部分的法兰应力26 4.2.2应力校核27 4.3管板厚度计算28 4.3.1管板参数计算28 4.3.2结构尺寸28 4.3.3管板应力计算29 4.3.4操作力力矩30 4.3.5法兰预紧力30 4.4法兰的强度校核31 4.5压力试验33 4.5.1管程圆筒33 4.5.2壳程圆筒34 4.6开孔补强的计算34 4.6.1概述34 4.6.2壳体开孔补强34 5填料函式换热器的制造、安装、检验、防腐,清洗和维修35 5.1概述35 5.2材料验收35 5.3填料函式换热器的制造35 5.3.1壳体圆筒35 5.3.2管箱35 5.3.3管板35 5.4换热器的安装36 5.5清洗36 5.6换热器的防腐36 5.6.1换热管的防腐36 5.6.2管子与管板、折流板连接处的腐蚀36 5.7填料函式换热器的操作与维护36 5.7.1换热器的正确使用36 5.7.2换热器的科学管理37 5.8换热器的定期检验37 5.8.1外部检查37 5.8.2内部检查37 5.8.3全面检查38 总结39 参考文献40 致谢41
展开...
nger is a very importa
nt e
nergy-savi
ng device that ca
n greatly i
ncrease the efficie
ncy of e
nergy use. It is widely used i
n various fields such as petroleum, chemical i
ndustry, power, a
nd metallurgy. It occupies a particularly importa
nt positio
n i
n the
natio
nal eco
nomy, especially i
n walki
ng. Today, sustai
nable developme
nt has made e
nergy co
nservatio
n a
nd e
nviro
nme
ntal protectio
n the mai
n theme of i
ndustrial developme
nt. Heat excha
ngers are particularly importa
nt i
n the applicatio
n of mitigatio
n of e
nergy shortages. Research i
nstitutio
ns at home a
nd abroad, u
niversities a
nd colleges have always attached great importa
nce to the study of heat excha
ngers. Accordi
ng to the requireme
nts of the missio
n stateme
nt, this desig
n a
nd desig
n object is a F110 packi
ng heat excha
nger, which is mai
nly for the process calculatio
n of the heat excha
nger, the structure of the heat excha
nger a
nd the desig
n of the stre
ngth. The mai
n process of this desig
n is divided i
nto three parts. The first part is the process calculatio
n part, which mai
nly co
nsists of a give
n heat excha
nge area a
nd other parameters. The heat excha
nger is selected, the heat tra
nsfer coefficie
nt is calibrated, a
nd the required shell is calculated. The various parts of the structure, a
nd the i
nitial selectio
n of various parameters of the structure, such as the size of the material, etc.; the seco
nd part is about the desig
n a
nd verificatio
n of the structure a
nd stre
ngth, mai
nly for the stress calculatio
n of the selected parts of the desig
n; The part is to explai
n the ma
nufacturi
ng a
nd i
nstallatio
n of heat excha
ngers, a
nti-corrosio
n a
nd the mai
nte
na
nce of the later stage. After repeated modificatio
n of the structural desig
n parameters a
nd drawi
ng drawi
ngs, the desig
n of the filler heat excha
nger was completed. Keywords: stuffi
ng box ;stre
ngth; weldi
ng ;a
nticorrosio
n 目录 1概述1 1.1设计背景1 1.2.换热器的分类1 1.2.1按照作用原理和实现传热的方式分类1 1.2.2按使用目的分类2 1.2.3按照传热面的形状和材料分类2 1.3管壳式换热器(列管式换热器) 2 1.4设计的任务3 2 F110填料函式换热器结构选择4 2.1 F110填料函式换热器设计工艺参数及要求4 2.1.1烟道气的物性4 2.2.2水的物性5 2.1.3流体空间的选择5 2.2换热器结构与结构参数的选择5 2.2.1换热管尺寸5 2.2.2换热管数量6 2.2.3换热管的排列和管心距6 2.2.4换热管的材料7 2.2.5壳体7 2.3进出口设计9 2.3.1接管接管伸出长度9 2.3.2接管与筒体、管箱壳体的连接9 2.3.3排气、排液管9 2.4管箱9 2.4.1管箱结构形式9 2.4.2管箱材料的选择10 2.5管板12 2.5.1管板结构选择12 2.5.2管板的计算12 2.5.1最小厚度13 2.6管板与管箱的连接14 2.7管板与换热管的连接14 2.7.1胀接14 2.7.2焊接14 2.7.3胀焊结合14 2.7.4焊接方法及结构15 2.8壳体与管板的连接结构16 2.8.1容器法兰的结构选择16 2.8.2容器法兰的参数选择16 2.8.3外头盖法兰、外头盖侧法兰与外头盖垫片、浮头垫片16 2.9接管最小位置17 2.9.1壳程接管位置的最小尺寸17 2.9.2管箱接管位置最小尺寸17 3 F110填料函式式换热器其他各部件结构19 3.1折流板与支承板19 3.1.1折流板的主要几何参数19 3.1.2折流板的最小厚度19 3.1.3折流板的管孔20 3.1.4折流板外直径及允许偏差20 3.1.5折流板间距20 3.2防冲与导流21 3.2.1防冲板的结构21 3.2.2防冲板的位置和尺寸22 3.3拉杆与定距管22 3.3.1拉杆的结构和尺寸22 3.3.2拉杆的布置23 3.3.3定距管尺寸23 3.4纵向隔板23 3.5封头、法兰以及鞍座的选择24 3.5.1封头的选用24 3.5.2法兰结构类型24 3.5.3鞍座的选择24 4填料函式换热器部分强度设计及校核25 4.1管子与管板连接拉脱力的校核25 4.1.1换热管轴向应力25 4.1.2换热管与管板连接拉脱力25 4.2径向应力26 4.3.1计算设计力矩M和管板延长部分的法兰应力26 4.2.2应力校核27 4.3管板厚度计算28 4.3.1管板参数计算28 4.3.2结构尺寸28 4.3.3管板应力计算29 4.3.4操作力力矩30 4.3.5法兰预紧力30 4.4法兰的强度校核31 4.5压力试验33 4.5.1管程圆筒33 4.5.2壳程圆筒34 4.6开孔补强的计算34 4.6.1概述34 4.6.2壳体开孔补强34 5填料函式换热器的制造、安装、检验、防腐,清洗和维修35 5.1概述35 5.2材料验收35 5.3填料函式换热器的制造35 5.3.1壳体圆筒35 5.3.2管箱35 5.3.3管板35 5.4换热器的安装36 5.5清洗36 5.6换热器的防腐36 5.6.1换热管的防腐36 5.6.2管子与管板、折流板连接处的腐蚀36 5.7填料函式换热器的操作与维护36 5.7.1换热器的正确使用36 5.7.2换热器的科学管理37 5.8换热器的定期检验37 5.8.1外部检查37 5.8.2内部检查37 5.8.3全面检查38 总结39 参考文献40 致谢41
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