机械5

充电器外壳注射模具设计 摘要 塑料注射模是成型塑料的一种重要工艺。通过对充电器外壳注射模具设计,能够基本地、全面地了解注射模具设计的基本原则、方法。在模具结构设计过程中，我大胆尝试提出各种不一样的成型的方案，并与老师探讨对方案进行了比较。在比较的过程中，发现大量的问题，也了解模具设计的要求和基本原则，最后在查阅大量书籍的帮助下完成没一个数据的选择。在设计中分析了常用日用品充电器的工艺特性，并介绍了ABS材料成型工艺特点、成型过程、开模过程以及成型后加工工艺。同时，分析了模具结构与计算，掌握如何设计一个完整的模具生产结构。通过本次设计，能较为熟练的使用Auto-CAD、Pro-E等软件进行模具辅助设计,提高自己的计算机绘图能力。本次设计充分地为今后从事模具设计行业打下了扎实的基矗 本次主要设计是对充电器外壳注射模的设计,重点对塑件的成型原理、材料的选用和注射技术进行分析。通过前期指导老师安排的任务，我先对任务书进行了分析了解，并查阅了大量的书籍、手册和文献，对模具有了一定的了解并且清楚自己的所要完成的任务量。进过对ABS充电器的了解，要满足制品大批量生产、高精度、外形复杂等要求，我首先主要把时间花费在确定所需的模塑成型方案、制品的后加工、分型面的选择、型腔的数目和排列、成型零件的结构等。既然以实际生产为目的，设计就要涵盖了注塑模具的主要系统包括有注射机、浇注系统、排气系统、冷却系统、顶出系统、导向系统等。对于要实际生产的模具，我们考虑的东西还有很多，为此我积极询问我的指导老师关于现实工厂中模具的生产过程及可能遇到的问题。设计时，尝试使用了侧向抽芯机构，增加模具的复杂性以及实用性。设计时参考了以往注射模具的设计经验，并结合制品的实际要求，通过简化设计结构、优化各个系统性能，尽最大限度实现美观、实用性高、长的使用寿命、短的生产周期和良好的经济性能。 关键词：塑料注射模；充电器外壳；计算机绘图 Abstract I
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n mould for plastic；The charger shell；computer graphics 目录 引言1 1绪论2 1.1模具概述2 1.1.1模具种类2 1.1.2注射模具概述3 1.1.3模具设计中面临的难题和要求3 1.1.3国内研究现状4 1.1.4国外研究现状5 1.2课题的目的及意义5 1.3课题的主要内容和工作方法6 1.4解决的重点问题与创新8 2塑料制品分析9 2.1明确制品设计要求9 2.2明确制品批量9 2.3材料选择及性能9 2.3.1材料选择9 2.3.2材料品种10 2.4成型设备10 2.5拔模斜度10 2.6计算制品的体积和质量11 2.6.1表面质量的分析11 2.6.2塑件的体积重量11 3注射机及成型方案的确定11 3.1注射机的确定12 3.2成型方案的确定12 3.2.1成型设备的选择12 3.2.2成型的特点12 3.2.3成型的原理13 3.2.4成型过程13 4型腔数的确定及分型面的选择13 4.1型腔数的确定14 4.2分型面的选择14 4.2.1分型面的主要选择原则14 4.3确定型腔的排列方式15 4.4标准模架的选用16 5成型零部件的设计与计算17 5.1凸模设计17 5.2凹模的设计17 5.3成型零件工作尺寸的计算18 5.3.1模腔工作尺寸的计算18 6浇注系统的设计20 6.1浇注系统设计的原则20 6.2主流道设计20 6.3分主流道的设计20 6.4浇口的设计21 6.5平衡进料21 6.6冷料穴设计21 7排气与冷却系统的设计22 7.1冷却系统设计的原则22 7.2冷却水路的计算22 7.3排气系统的设计23 8顶出与抽芯机构的设计24 8.1推杆复位装置24 8.2抽芯机构的选择25 8.3抽芯距的计算25 8.4斜导柱抽芯的设计25 8.5滑块的设计26 9导向机构的设计26 9.1导向、定位机构的主要功能27 9.2导向机构的设计27 9.2.1导柱的设计27 9.2.2导套的设计27 10注射机与模具各参数的校核28 10.1工艺参数的校核29 10.2模具安装尺寸的校核29 10.2.1喷嘴的校核29 10.2.2定位圈尺寸的校核29 10.2.3模具外形尺寸的校核30 10.2.4模具厚度的校核30 10.2.5安装参数的校核30 10.3开模行程的校核30 11结论31 谢辞32 参考文献33 附录34