机械5

CA6136普通机床数控改造 摘要 数控机床以它生产效率高、可加工零件多样化的特点，越来越显示出它的优越性，然而，很多资深的老企业还存在着许多原有的普通机床，如何将普通机床改造成数控机床，已成为机械加工设备改造工作的重点。 本文以C6136普通车床为例阐述了对普通机床进行技术改造的必要性，提出了该机床数控化改造的方案并实施了改造。机械部分改造主要做了以下工作：将两个进给方向的滑动丝杠改为滚珠丝杠，用伺服步进电机和减速齿轮来实现进给部分的调速，这样不仅提高了传动效率而且可以实现快速定位和准确的启、停；数字控制系统选用GSK系统，该系统达到数字化控制各部件协调工作，而且成本低；电气改造中取消原机床强电柜中的大量电气元件，改用继电器、接触器以及伺服驱动器来实现电路的控制。对改造后的机床进行了几何精度和工作精度测试，测试结果满足机床的精度要求，根据测试结果验证了机床改造的可行性和可靠性，不仅加工范围增大，同时降低了劳动强度，提高了加工效率。 与改造前相比，该机床的操作更加方便，大大降低了劳动者的劳动强度，提高了生产效率，改造后的车床可提高生产效率，保证产品质量和减轻工人的劳动强度,该方案具有投资少、见效快的优点，值得推广。 关键词：数控机床，数控化改造，数控系统 Abstract Based o
n its high productio
n efficie
ncy, machi
nable parts diversificatio
n, CNC machi
ne has i
ncreasi
ngly show
n its superiority. However, ma
ny se
nior e
nterprises still have large amou
nt of origi
nal ge
neral-purpose machi
ne tools, how to tra
nsform the ordi
nary tools i
nto CNC machi
ne tools has became the focus of the mecha
nical processi
ng equipme
nt modificatio
n. Based o
n C6136 ordi
nary lather, this paper expou
nds the
necessity of the tech
nological tra
nsformatio
n to ge
neral-purpose machi
ne tools, a
nd purposed tra
nsformatio
n of the CNC program a
nd impleme
nted a tra
nsformatio
n. Mecha
nical parts reco
nstructio
n made the followi
ng job: taki
ng the two feedi
ng directio
n of slidi
ng screw i
nstead of ball screw, servo steppi
ng motor a
nd reductio
n gear to realize the speed regulatio
n of the feed part, thisworks
not o
nly improve the tra
nsmissio
n efficie
ncy,but also achieve rapid positio
ni
ng a
nd accurate start, stop. Digital co
ntrol system chooses GSK. This system chieves the digital co
ntrol compo
ne
nts coordi
natework, a
nd the cost is low. Electric system tra
nsformatio
n ca
ncelled a large
number of electro
nic compo
ne
nts i
n high electrical cabi
net； achieve the co
ntrol circuit by switch relays, co
ntactors, a
nd servo drive. The
n, testi
ng precisio
n a
nd geometry accuracy of the machi
ne after tra
nsformatio
n, the test results meet the machi
ne's accuracy. The test resultsverified the feasibility a
nd reliability of machi
ne tools,
not o
nly the processi
ng expa
nded, a
nd the labor i
nte
nsity reduce, the machi
ni
ng efficie
ncy improved. Comparedwith before modificatio
n, the machi
ne's operatio
ns are more co
nve
nie
nt, a
nd greatly reduce the laborer labor i
nte
nsity, improve the productio
n efficie
ncy a
nd product quality. This scheme has adva
ntage of little i
nvestme
nt a
nd i
nsta
nt effect,which isworth popularizi
ng. Keywords: NC machi
ne tool，modifieatio
n of machi
netool，NC system 目录 摘要1 1.绪论1 1.1课题的研究目的和意义1 1.2本文的选题及主要研究内容2 1.2.1主要研究内容2 1.2.2数控化改造的主要环节3 2. C6136普通车床数控化改造方案的设计5 2.1总体改造方案5 2.2改造的技术参数7 2.3传动系统改装设计与计算8 2.3.1纵向进给系统的设计与计算8 2.3.1.1切削力的计算8 2.3.1.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选型9 2.3.2横向进给系统的设计与计算15 2.3.2.1切削力的计算15 2.4减速箱体的设计22 2.4.1纵向进给齿轮的设计22 2.4.2横向进给齿轮的设计23 2.5滚珠丝杠的安全使用24 3.步进电机的设计与选择26 3.1纵向步进电机的选择26 3.2横向步进电机的选择31 4. C6136车床数控化改造的数控系统36 4.1数控车床及数控系统的概述36 4.2 C6136车床数控化改造的数控装置系统38 4.2.1进给步进电机的驱动器选型41 4.2.2分配器42 4.2.3放大器43 4.3 C6136车床数控化改造的数控系统功能44 4.3.1系统工作方式45 4.3.2系统报警47 4.3.3系统的编程与加工功能47 5. CJK6136数控车床电气控制设计49 5.1 C6136车床电气控制49 5.1.1 C6136车床运动形式49 5.1.2电力拖动特点和控制电路49 5.2 CJK6136数控车床电气控制设计50 5.2.1 CJK6136数控车床主电路设计50 5.2.2 CJK6136数控车床控制电路设计50 6. CJK6136车床改造验收52 6.1机床外观检查52 6.2机床的性能及数控功能的试验52 6.3 CJK6136数控车床数控系统的调试与试运行54 7机床的日常维护与故障分析55 7.1数控化机床的日常维护55 7.2数控机床的常见故障55 7.2.1常见的数控系统故障55 7.2.2常见故障的调查与分析56 7.2.3机床数控系统故障的诊断方法56 7.2.4维修排除故障后的总结57 结论58 参考文献59 致谢60