机械5

摘要 汽车车架是整个汽车的基体，是汽车设计中一个重要的环节。车架支撑着发动机离合器、变速器、转向器、非承载式车身和货箱等所有簧上质量的重要机件，承受着传给它的各种力和力矩。因此，车架必须要有足够的弯曲刚度，也要有足够的强度，以保证其有足够的可靠性与寿命。同时，随着现在汽车的发展，载重货车的乘坐舒适性，操控性能也在不断提高，因此车架的设计还应同时兼顾舒适性和操控性。 本文以商用载重货车为研究目标，结合货车的各项参数，对车架进行设计。确定了车架总成以及纵梁横梁的各项参数。运用solidworks软件做出了车架的三维模型图。同时利用ANSYS WORKBENCH有限元分析软件对车架的四种典型工况做出静力分析，得到各种工况下的变形情况和应力分布情况，同时对车架进行了模态分析。最后根据分析结果对车架做出优化建议。 关键词:载重货车；车架；结构设计；有限元分析 ABSTRACT Thevehicle frame isthe base ofthe car,is o
ne of the most importa
nt partsi
n the automobile desig
n.Frame supports the e
ngi
ne clutch, tra
nsmissio
n, steeri
ng gear,
no
n beari
ng body a
nd the co
ntai
ner all spri
ng quality the importa
nt parts, bear a
nd pass it o
n to all ki
nds of force a
nd mome
nt.Therefore, the frame must have e
nough be
ndi
ng stiff
ness, alsowa
nt to have e
nough stre
ngth, to e
nsure sufficie
nt reliability a
nd life.At the same time,with
now the developme
nt of automobile a
nd truck ride comfort, ha
ndli
ng performa
nce also co
nti
nues to i
ncrease, so desig
n of the frame should also combi
ne comfort a
nd ha
ndli
ng. I
n this paper, the commercial truck as the research objective, combi
nedwith the parameters of the truck, the frame desig
n. Frame assembly a
nd the lo
ngitudi
nal beam parameterswere determi
ned. The 3D model chart of the framewas made by SolidWorks software.. At the same time, the fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis software ANSYS Workbe
nch of the frame of four ki
nds of typicalworki
ng co
nditio
ns to make static a
nalysis, obtai
ned u
ndervarious co
nditio
ns of deformatio
n a
nd stress distributio
n, a
nd the modal a
nalysis of the frame. Fi
nally, accordi
ng to the results of the a
nalysis of the frame to make optimizatio
n recomme
ndatio
ns. Keywords: Truck；frame；structure desig
n； fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 1绪论1 1.1车架总成概述1 1.2国内外研究情况及其发展2 2车架总成设计6 2.1参考车型及其参数6 2.2车架类型的选择6 2.3车架设计的技术要求11 2.4车架的轻量化13 2.5车架的参数设计13 3车架的有限元静力学分析19 3.1车架几何模型的建立19 3.2车架有限元模型的建立19 3.3车架的静力学分析21 3.4基于静力分析的车架轻量化35 4车架的模态分析37 4.1车架模态分析的基本理论37 4.2车架有限元模态分析结果39 4.3车架外部激励分析43 5总结与展望46 5.1总结46 5.2工作展望46 参考文献48 致谢50