摘要
随着制造业的发展,人们深刻的感受到数控机床在生产中的地位是越来越重要。本文结合机电一体化的需要,设计以单片机作为控制系统的X-Y型工作台(X-Y工作台是指能分别沿着X向和Y向移动的工作台)。通过对X-Y型工作台机械结构设计和控制电路接口的设计,阐述了机电一体化设计中的共性和关键技术。这种工作台通常与整机设计成一个整体,其形状,尺寸,结构因机器类型不同而有较大差异,但其工作原理有着共同点。
关键词:X-Y数控十字滑台;机电一体化;单片机
Abstract
Alo
ng with ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry developme
nt,people's profou
nd feeli
ng
numerical co
ntrol e
ngi
ne bed i
n productio
n status is more a
nd more importa
nt. Combi
ne mecha
nical-electrical i
ntegratio
n’s
need, desig
n a Model X-Y worki
ng be
nch with o
ne-chip computer as the of the co
ntrol system(X-Y worki
ng be
nch is separately alo
ng X a
nd Y motio
n work table.). Though describi
ng the worki
ng be
nch mecha
nical’s desig
n of structure a
nd i
nterface of the co
ntrol circuit to Model X-Y, have explai
ned ge
nerality i
n the desig
n of mecha
nical-electrical i
ntegratio
n a
nd its key tech
nology. This ki
nd of worki
ng be
nch is usually desig
ned with the complete machi
ne i
nto a whole , its form , size, there is a greater differe
nce because types of the machi
ne are differe
nt i
n the structure, but its operatio
n pri
nciple has commo
n poi
nt. Keywords: X-Y
numerical co
ntrol cross slippery platform; The mecha
nical-electrical i
ntegratio
n; O
ne-chip computer 目录 1绪论5 1.1数字控制技术的产生和发展5 1.2我国数控机床的发展情况6 1.3数控机床中十字滑台的设计6 2机床改造总体方案设计8 3确定机械传动改造方案9 3.1设计原始参数9 3.2确定切削用量9 3.3进给运动的切削负载分析及计算方法9 3.3.1、各个方向的分力9 3.3.2、摩擦阻力9 3.3.3、等效转动惯量计算10 3.3.4、丝杠摩擦阻力矩的计算10 3.3.5、等效负载转矩Tm的计算10 3.3.6、起动惯性阻力矩的计算10 3.3.7、步进电机输出轴总的负载转矩的计算10 3.4步进电机的匹配选择11 3.5滚珠丝杠的选择与校核11 3.5.1、工作原理及结构11 3.5.2、滚珠丝杠副的特点11 3.5.3、承载能力的校核12 3.5.4、压杆稳定性验算12 3.5.5、刚度验算12 3.6齿轮的校核计算13 3.7轴承的选择与校核16 3.8导轨的选择17 4控制系统的硬件及软件设计17 4.1确定控制系统方案17 4.2单片机控制系统硬件设计18 4.2.1、单片机控制系统的硬件构成18 4.2.2、单片机引脚及其功能19 4.2.3、控制线19 4.3单片机的选择20 4.4存储器的选用与扩展20 4.5存储器的选用及连接20 4.6地址锁存器21 4.7键盘与显示电路及其程序22 4.7.1、8155工作方式设定23 4.7.2、状态查询24 4.7.3、8155定时功能25 4.7.4、键盘显示电路工作原理26 4.8步进电机接口电路34 5总结37 参考文献38 致谢39
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ng with ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry developme
nt,people's profou
nd feeli
ng
numerical co
ntrol e
ngi
ne bed i
n productio
n status is more a
nd more importa
nt. Combi
ne mecha
nical-electrical i
ntegratio
n’s
need, desig
n a Model X-Y worki
ng be
nch with o
ne-chip computer as the of the co
ntrol system(X-Y worki
ng be
nch is separately alo
ng X a
nd Y motio
n work table.). Though describi
ng the worki
ng be
nch mecha
nical’s desig
n of structure a
nd i
nterface of the co
ntrol circuit to Model X-Y, have explai
ned ge
nerality i
n the desig
n of mecha
nical-electrical i
ntegratio
n a
nd its key tech
nology. This ki
nd of worki
ng be
nch is usually desig
ned with the complete machi
ne i
nto a whole , its form , size, there is a greater differe
nce because types of the machi
ne are differe
nt i
n the structure, but its operatio
n pri
nciple has commo
n poi
nt. Keywords: X-Y
numerical co
ntrol cross slippery platform; The mecha
nical-electrical i
ntegratio
n; O
ne-chip computer 目录 1绪论5 1.1数字控制技术的产生和发展5 1.2我国数控机床的发展情况6 1.3数控机床中十字滑台的设计6 2机床改造总体方案设计8 3确定机械传动改造方案9 3.1设计原始参数9 3.2确定切削用量9 3.3进给运动的切削负载分析及计算方法9 3.3.1、各个方向的分力9 3.3.2、摩擦阻力9 3.3.3、等效转动惯量计算10 3.3.4、丝杠摩擦阻力矩的计算10 3.3.5、等效负载转矩Tm的计算10 3.3.6、起动惯性阻力矩的计算10 3.3.7、步进电机输出轴总的负载转矩的计算10 3.4步进电机的匹配选择11 3.5滚珠丝杠的选择与校核11 3.5.1、工作原理及结构11 3.5.2、滚珠丝杠副的特点11 3.5.3、承载能力的校核12 3.5.4、压杆稳定性验算12 3.5.5、刚度验算12 3.6齿轮的校核计算13 3.7轴承的选择与校核16 3.8导轨的选择17 4控制系统的硬件及软件设计17 4.1确定控制系统方案17 4.2单片机控制系统硬件设计18 4.2.1、单片机控制系统的硬件构成18 4.2.2、单片机引脚及其功能19 4.2.3、控制线19 4.3单片机的选择20 4.4存储器的选用与扩展20 4.5存储器的选用及连接20 4.6地址锁存器21 4.7键盘与显示电路及其程序22 4.7.1、8155工作方式设定23 4.7.2、状态查询24 4.7.3、8155定时功能25 4.7.4、键盘显示电路工作原理26 4.8步进电机接口电路34 5总结37 参考文献38 致谢39
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