摘要 换热设备在工业生产中的主要作用是能够使热量从温度比较高的流体传递到温度比较低的流体，从而使流体的温度达到工艺过程中规定的指标，满足工艺过程的需要[1]。换热器中的管壳式换热器是目前应用最为广泛的一种换热设备，已作为一种标准换热设备[1]。这一种换热器的特点是比较容易制造，生产成本相对较低，选用材料的范围比较广，换热表面的清洁相对比较方便，适应能力较强，处理问题的能力较大，在高温和高压的情况下也可以使用[1]。与其他的换热器作比较，它的主要特点是在单位体积内的传热面积较大而且传热效果比较好。除此之外，它的结构简单，操作的弹性也大，所以在高温、高压的情况下以及在大型装备的应用上更多的使用管壳式换热器[1]。 本次设计的题目是“流量为255t/h U形管式换热器”，U型管式换热器是管壳式换热器的其中一种，它的结构主要包括管板、壳体、管束等零部件，重量相对比较轻。它将换热管弯成U形，并将换热管的两端固定在了同一块管板上，故而密封面比较少，达到了更加节能的原则。换热器的材料选用恰当，主要结构的尺寸也进行了合理的选择，均能够满足换热器在强度、刚度、稳定性以及水压试验等校核方面的要求。本次U型管式换热器设计的壳程介质为水，管程介质为油。流量为255t/h，壳程的工作温度为50℃，管程的工作温度为90℃，壳程的设计温度为70℃，管程的设计温度为110℃。在其结构上安装有八块折流板，以增加流体的湍流速度。设计压力为管程2.4MPa，壳程1.4MPa。依据给定的条件，查阅GB150-2011《钢制压力容器》，GB151-1999《管壳式换热器》以及换热器手册等标准，通过试算法获得总传热系数，所得传热面积为193.4m.考虑到介质特性，采用φ25×2×6000的Q345R的无缝钢管，本设计采用432根换热管可以满足换热量。接管法兰我选取了板式平焊法兰，并选用鞍式支座支撑。在本次设计过程中我已经完成了文献综述，设计说明书，一张总装配图和三张零件图的绘制。 换热器在工业、农业等许多的领域运用十分的广泛，当然在日常生活中和现实中的传热设备也随处可以见到，是不可能缺少的工艺设备和单元之一。随着研究的不断深入，工业应用也取得了显着的成效。并且在许多化工单元操作的场合也作为一种十分重要的附属设备进行使用，所以在化工生产中换热器也占有着非常非常重要的地位。 关键词：换热器；管壳式； U形管；管板； Abstract Heat excha
nge equipme
nt i
n i
ndustrial productio
n, the mai
n effect is to be able to make heat from high temperature fluid to the lower temperature of fluid, so that the temperature of the fluid ca
n reach the i
ndexes of the specified i
n the process, meet the
needs of the process. I
n the heat excha
nger tube a
nd shell heat excha
nger is the most widely used, a heat excha
nge equipme
nt has as a sta
ndard heat excha
nge equipme
nt. The characteristics of this ki
nd of heat excha
nger is relatively easy to ma
nufacture, the productio
n cost is relatively low, a
nd the use of material ra
nge is wide, so the heat excha
nge surface clea
ni
ng is relatively simple, stro
ng ability to adapt, ability to ha
ndle problems, i
n the case of high temperature a
nd high pressure ca
n also use. Compare to other heat excha
nger, its mai
n characteristic is i
n heat tra
nsfer area per u
nit volume is larger a
nd the heat tra
nsfer effect is better. I
n additio
n, its structure is simple, the operatio
n of the elasticity is big, so i
n the case of high temperature a
nd high pressure, a
nd the applicatio
n of i
n large-scale equipme
nt o
n the use of more tube a
nd shell heat excha
nger. The topic of this desig
n is the \"flow of 255 t/h\" of u-tube heat excha
nger, the U tube heat excha
nger is o
ne of the tube a
nd shell heat excha
nger, a
nd its structure mai
nly i
ncludes the tube plate, shell a
nd tube bu
ndle compo
ne
nts, relatively light i
n weight. It will be be
nt i
nto a u-shaped heat excha
nge tube, a
nd the two e
nd of heat excha
nge tube fixed o
n the same piece of tube plate, seali
ng surface is less so, to the pri
nciple of more e
nergy efficie
nt. Heat excha
nger of the proper material selectio
n, the size of the mai
n structure is a reaso
nable choice, all ca
n satisfy the heat excha
nger i
n stre
ngth, stiff
ness, stability, a
nd water pressure test requireme
nts. The shell side of the U tube heat excha
nger desig
n medium for water, i
n the medium for oil passes. The shell side of the flow rate of 255 t/h, the worki
ng temperature of 50 ℃, mo
nitor the worki
ng temperature is 90 ℃, the desig
n of the shell side temperature is 70 ℃, the desig
n of tube side temperature is 110 ℃. I
n eight pieces of baffle are i
nstalled o
n the structure, to i
ncrease the turbule
nce velocity of the fluid. The shell side of the desig
n pressure for the coil 2.4 MPa, 1.4 MPa. Accordi
ng to the give
n co
nditio
ns, co
nsult the GB150-2011 \"steel pressure vessel\" a
nd GB151-1999 \"tube shell heat excha
nger a
nd heat excha
nger ma
nual such as sta
ndard, through the test algorithm to obtai
n the total heat tra
nsfer coefficie
nt, the heat tra
nsfer area of 193.4 m squared. Co
nsideri
ng the medium characteristic, adopt the phi 25 x 2 x 6000 Q345R of seamless steel tube, the desig
n adopts 432 heat excha
nge tube ca
n meet the cha
nge of heat. Nozzle fla
nge I selected the plate flat weldi
ng fla
nge, a
nd selects the saddle support. I have already fi
nished i
n the process of the graduatio
n desig
n review, desig
n specificatio
ns, three part drawi
ng a
nd the drawi
ng of a ge
neral assembly drawi
ng. Heat excha
nger used i
n ma
ny fields such as i
ndustry, agriculture is very wide, heat tra
nsfer equipme
nt i
n daily life a
nd reality, of course, also ca
n be see
n everywhere, it is impossible to a lack of process equipme
nt a
nd o
ne of the u
nit. With the deepe
ni
ng of the research, i
ndustrial applicatio
n has made sig
nifica
nt achieveme
nts. Occasio
ns a
nd i
n ma
ny chemical u
nit operatio
ns are also used as a ki
nd of importa
nt auxiliary equipme
nt, so the heat excha
nger i
n chemical i
ndustry productio
n also plays a very importa
nt positio
n. Keywords: Heat excha
nger; Shell a
nd Tube; U-shaped tube; Tube plate. 目录 第一章换热器传热工艺计算1 1.1原始数据1 1.2确定定性温度及其物性参数1 1.3传热量与冷水流量计算2 1.4管程换热系数计算3 1.5结构的初步设计4 1.6壳程换热系数计算4 1.7传热系数计算5 1.9壳程压力降计算6 1.10管程压力降计算7 第二章换热器强度计算8 2.1换热管材料及规格选择和根数的确定8 2.2管子的排列方式8 2.3筒体内径的确定8 2.4筒体厚壁的确定9 2.5液压试验10 2.6壳程标准椭圆形封头厚度的计算10 2.7管程标准椭圆形封头厚度的计算11 2.8容器法兰的选择12 2.8.1设备法兰的选择12 2.8.2接管法兰的选择13 2.9管板的设计14 2.10管箱短节壁厚的计算17 2.11拉杆和定距管的确定17 2.12折流板的选择18 2.12.1选型18 2.12.2折流板尺寸18 2.12.3换热管无支撑跨距或折流板间距18 2.12.4折流板厚度18 2.12.5折流板直径19 2.12.6折流板管孔直径19 2.13防冲板尺寸的确定19 2.14接管及开孔补强19 2.14.1.管箱接管开孔补强计算19 2.14.2.壳体接管开孔补强计算21 2.15分程隔板厚度选取23 2.16支座的选择及应力校核23 2.16.1支座的选择23 2.16.2鞍座的应力校核24 参考文献28 致谢29