摘要 冷凝器是使用范围很广的一种化工设备，属于换热器的一种。本设计任务主要是根据已知条件选择采用固定管板式换热器的设计,固定管板式换热器的优点是锻件使用少，造价低；传热面积比浮头式换热器大20%到30％且旁路渗流小。 本台换热器主要完成的是水蒸气-水之间的热量交换,首先根据给出的设计温度和设计压力来确定设备的结构形式以及壳程和管程的材料，然后根据物料性质和传热面积来确定换热管的材料，尺寸，根数。，设计压力为管程2.31MPa，壳程0.935MPa，工作温度管程50℃，壳程130℃，设计温度管程80℃，壳程140℃，传热面积为256m2，采用Φ25×2.5×3000的无缝钢管换热，则可计算出622根换热管，D=1200mm的圆筒根据换热管的根数确定换热管的排列，并根据换热管的排列和长度来确定筒体直径以及折流板的选择。通过对容器的内径和内外压的计算来确定壳体和封头的厚度并进行强度校核。然后是对换热器各部件的零部件的强度设计，有法兰的选择和设计计算与校核，钩圈及浮头法兰的设计计算与校核和管子拉脱力的计算。还包括管板的结构设计、防冲挡板、滑道结构的设计以及支座设计。结构设计中的标准件可以参照国家标准根据设计条件直接选取；非标准件，设计完结构后必须进行相应的应力校核。 管板与换热管的连接方式为焊接，因管板上的应力较多，且内外温度有一定的差值，因此，对管板强度的校核是一个重点，也是一个难点.. 关键词：换热器；强度设计；结构设计 Abstract The co
nde
nser is a ki
nd of chemical equipme
nt which is widely used, a
nd belo
ngs to a ki
nd of heat excha
nger.. The desig
n task is mai
nly accordi
ng to the k
now
n co
nditio
ns to choose the desig
n of fixed tube plate heat excha
nger, the adva
ntages of fixed tube plate heat excha
nger is forgi
ng used less, low cost; heat tra
nsfer area ratio of floati
ng head type for heat excha
nger is 20% to 30% a
nd a bypass flow small. The heat excha
nger is mai
nly completed is betwee
n water vapor a
nd water heat excha
nge, first of all accordi
ng to the give
n desig
n temperature a
nd pressure to determi
ne structure of equipme
nt a
nd the shell side a
nd tube side material, a
nd the
n accordi
ng to the
nature of the material a
nd the heat tra
nsfer area to determi
ne the heat excha
nge tube materials, dime
nsio
ns,
number of roots. A
nd desig
n pressure for tube side 2.31MPa, shell 0.935MPa, the worki
ng temperature of the tube process 50 DEG C, 130 DEG C shell, desig
n temperature tube process at a temperature of 80 DEG C, shell a
nd 140 DEG C, heat tra
nsfer area for 256m2. The phi 25 x 2.5 x 3000 seamless steel pipe heat excha
nger ca
n be calculated 622 heat excha
nge tube, D=1200mm cyli
ndrical root accordi
ng to determi
ne the root
number of heat excha
nge tube heat excha
nger tube arra
ngeme
nt a
nd accordi
ng to the arra
ngeme
nt a
nd le
ngth of heat excha
nge tube to determi
ne cyli
nder diameter a
nd baffle the choice. Determi
ne the thick
ness of the shell a
nd the head a
nd carry out the i
nte
nsity verificatio
n by calculati
ng the i
n
ner diameter a
nd the i
nter
nal pressure of the co
ntai
ner.. The
n the stre
ngth desig
n of compo
ne
nts of the various compo
ne
nts of the heat excha
nger, fla
nge desig
n, selectio
n a
nd calculatio
n a
nd checki
ng, hook a
nd loop a
nd floati
ng head fla
nge desig
n calculatio
n a
nd checki
ng of the pipe a
nd pull off force calculatio
n. Also i
ncludes a tube plate structure desig
n, a
nti scour baffle, slideway structure desig
n a
nd the desig
n of support. The sta
ndard parts i
n the structure desig
n ca
n be selected directly accordi
ng to the
natio
nal sta
ndards; the
no
n sta
ndard parts must be checked for the correspo
ndi
ng stress after the desig
n of the structure. Tube plate a
nd tube heat excha
nger a
nd the co
n
nectio
n mode of weldi
ng, tube plate more stress, a
nd the temperature i
nside a
nd outside have certai
n differe
nce. Therefore, o
n the tube sheet stre
ngth check is a key a
nd a difficulties. Keywords: heat excha
nger； stre
ngth desig
n； structure desig
n 目录 第一章传统工艺计算1 1.1工艺计算1 1.1.1介质原始数据1 1.1.2介质定性温度及物性参数1 1.2传热量与水蒸汽流量计算2 1.3有效平均温差计算3 1.4管程换热系数计算4 1.5管程结构初步设计5 1.6壳程换热系数计算5 1.7总传热系数计算7 1.8管壁温度计算7 1.9管程压力降计算8 1.10壳程压力降计算9 第二章强度计算11 2.1结构设计说明书11 2.1.1换热管材料及规格的选择和根数的确定11 2.1.2布管方式的选择11 2.1.3筒体内径的确定11 2.1.4筒体壁厚的确定12 2.1.5封头形式的确定12 2.1.6管箱短节壁厚计算13 2.1.7容器法兰的选择13 2.1.8管板尺寸的确定及强度计算14 2.1.9是否安装膨胀节的判定： 26 2.1.10各管孔接管及其法兰的选择： 26 2.1.11设备法兰的选择29 2.1.12拉杆和定距管的确定31 2.1.13开孔补强计算： 32 2.2筒体管箱耐压试验的应力校核计算34 2.2.1筒体核算34 2.2.2、支座的选择及应力校核34 2.2.3耳座的应力校核35 参考文献38 致谢39