摘要 人类正面临着石油和煤炭等矿物燃料枯竭的严重威胁，太阳能作为一种新型能源具有储量无限，普遍存在，利用清洁，使用经济等优点。但是太阳能又存在着低密度，间歇性，空间分布不断变化的缺点，这就使目前的一些列太阳能设备对太阳能的利用率不高。光伏发电智能追日系统解决了太阳能利用率不高的问题。本文对追日系统进行了机械设计和自动跟踪系统控制部分的设计。 第一，机械部分设计： 机械结构主要包括底座，主轴，齿轮等，当太阳光线发生偏离时，控制部分发出控制信号驱动步进电机1通过减速器带动Z向主轴转动，实现水平方向跟踪，同时控制信号驱动步进电机2带动齿轮1，齿轮1带动齿轮2和Y向主轴转动，从而使太阳能电池板实现垂直方向转动，通过步进电机1，步进电机2的共同工作实现对太阳的跟踪。 第二，控制部分设计： 主要包括信号转换电路，单片机系统和电机驱动电路等。系统采用电压检测模式实现对太阳的跟踪。将太阳能电池板用两块遮光板隔开，当太阳能电池板接受的光强度不同时，输出电压不同，通过比较电路将信号送给单片机，驱动步进电机正反转，实现电池板对太阳的跟踪。 关键词:太阳能,跟踪,单片机,步进电机 Abstract The huma
nity is faci
ng fossil fuel depletio
n a
nd so o
n petroleum a
nd coal threate
n seriouslies, the solar e
nergy takes o
ne ki
nd of
new e
nergy to have the reserves i
nfi
nite, the u
niversal existe
nce, the use is clea
n, merits a
nd so o
n use eco
nomy, but the solar e
nergy has the low de
nsity, the i
ntermitte
nce, the spatial distributio
n cha
nges u
nceasi
ngly the shortcomi
ng, this causes the prese
nt some row solar e
nergy equipme
nt
not to be high to the solar e
nergy use factor. The light be
nt dow
n the electricity ge
neratio
n i
ntellige
nce to pursue the date system to solve the solar e
nergy use factor
not high problem. This article to pursued the date system to carry o
n the machi
ne desig
n a
nd the automatic tracki
ng loop co
ntrol sectio
n desig
n. First, the mecha
nical part of the desig
n : Mecha
nical structure i
ncludi
ng a base , spi
ndle, gear , etc., whe
n the su
n's rays to deviate from the co
ntrol part to issue co
ntrol sig
nals to drive stepper motor drive
n by reducer Z to spi
ndle rotatio
n, the horizo
ntal directio
n tracki
ng , while co
ntrolli
ng the sig
nal to drive stepper motor a drive
n gear , the gear a drive gear 2 a
nd Y rotatio
n to the spi
ndle , so that the solar pa
nels perpe
ndicular to the directio
n of rotatio
n by a stepper motor , stepper motor work together to achieve the tracki
ng of the su
n . Seco
nd , the co
ntrol part of the desig
n : I
ncludi
ng the sig
nal co
nversio
n circuit , microco
ntroller a
nd motor driver circuit . The system uses a voltage detectio
n mode to achieve the tracki
ng of the su
n . Solar pa
nels will be separated by a two shade whe
n the light i
nte
nsity is
not accepted by the solar pa
nels at the same time , the output voltage sig
nal is se
nt to the microco
ntroller through the compariso
n circuit drive a stepper motor , solar pa
nels to the su
n tracki
ng. Keywords: solar e
nergy, tracki
ng , microco
ntroller, stepper motor 目录 1.绪论1 1.1课题来源1 1.2课题目的1 1.3课题意义1 1.4国内外研究现状与发展趋势3 1.5研究内容4 1.6研究方案5 2.系统机械部分设计6 2.1机械部分工作原理6 2.2转矩计算6 2.3电机选型7 2.4减速器设计12 2.5轴的结构设计17 2.6齿轮设计18 3.机械零件的校核及选用26 3.1联轴器的选用26 3.2轴承的分类及选用26 3.3键的分类及选用27 4.系统控制部分设计29 4.1单片机的选型29 4.2单片机外部接线设计30 4.3单片机控制方案31 5.结论34 5.1结论34 5.2展望34 参考文献35 致谢35