树木移栽机
摘要
本设计主要研究的是树木移栽机的工作装置即挖掘部分,文章首先通过对传统植被移栽方式弊端的分析,提出机械化移栽的重要性和必要性。并对国内外机械化移栽设备进行研究,分析。通过纵向、横向比较得出我国挖树机发展存在的问题,确定了现阶段研究发展的主要任务和未来的主要方向。
综合国内外挖树机现状,罗列出挖树机的三种整机大致方案,进行分析比对其优缺点,并根据该设计挖树机作业的环境,植被的类型,植被的树龄,移栽的具体需求,以及本次设计的要求,最终确定选择三铲式液压挖树机,上装载平板车上。同时也拟定了主要的输入参数:主机功率、土球直径、土球高度、工作装置提升重量、单株起苗时间以及整机外形尺寸(长×宽×高)等。
对挖树机的液压系统进行设计,通过具体机构设计液压原理图,液压性能件的匹配工作的等。进行构件的详细设计,该挖树机主要由倾斜升降机构、竖直升降机构、开合支架机构、挖树机构、液压传动装置构成。对这几个部分进行了详细结构和参数的设计,并在这部分对挖树机的具体工作过程进行了论述。
对整机进行了稳定性的分析,防止在挖树过程中出现倾斜或侧翻,并对个别连接销轴进行校核分析,防止出现剪断和弯曲变形。
最后对机械化移栽中要注意的问题和技术经济性进行分析,作出结论并致谢。
关键词:挖树机升降机构液压移栽
Diggi
ng machi
ne worki
ng device tree desig
n Abstract Thesis research is desig
ned to dig the tree machi
ne worki
ng device , the article firstly a
nalyzes the shortcomi
ngs of the traditio
nal way of tra
nspla
nti
ng vegetatio
n , raised the importa
nce a
nd
necessity of mecha
nized tra
nspla
nti
ng . A
nd study abroad mecha
nized tra
nspla
nti
ng equipme
nt, a
nalytical . By vertical, horizo
ntal compariso
ns of the developme
nt of Chi
na's machi
ne diggi
ng up tree problems ide
ntified key tasks a
nd mai
n directio
ns of future research a
nd developme
nt stage . Status tree diggi
ng machi
ne at home a
nd abroad , set out the tree machi
nes diggi
ng machi
ne roughly three programs to a
nalyze tha
n its adva
ntages a
nd disadva
ntages, a
nd i
n accorda
nce with the desig
n e
nviro
nme
nt tree diggi
ng machi
ne operatio
n , types of vegetatio
n, vegetatio
n age , shift pla
nted specific
needs , as well as the requireme
nts of this desig
n , a
nd ultimately determi
ne the choice of three hydraulic shovel diggi
ng up tree machi
nes, the load o
n the flatbed . Also developed a major i
nput parameters : Host power , earth ball diameter , ball height of the soil , worki
ng device to e
nha
nce weight lifter time to pla
nt , a
nd Overall dime
nsio
ns ( le
ngth × width × height ) a
nd so o
n . Machi
nes for diggi
ng tree hydraulic system desig
n, desig
n work to match hydraulic schematic diagram , hydraulic performa
nce parts such as through specific i
nstitutio
ns . Be members of the detailed desig
n, the machi
ne co
nsists of diggi
ng up tree i
ncli
ned lifti
ng mecha
nism , vertical lifti
ng mecha
nism , ope
ni
ng a
nd closi
ng brackets i
nstitutio
ns , diggi
ng trees i
nstitutio
ns co
nstitute a hydraulic actuator . Several parts of the desig
n of these structures a
nd parameters i
n detail , a
nd i
n this part of the tree diggi
ng machi
ne specific work processes are discussed. Were a
nalyzed for overall stability , preve
nt diggi
ng trees tilt or rollover process , a
nd a
nalyze i
ndividual co
n
necti
ng pi
n be checked to preve
nt sheari
ng a
nd be
ndi
ng deformatio
n. Fi
nally mecha
nized tra
nspla
nti
ng should pay atte
ntio
n to the tech
nical a
nd eco
nomic issues a
nd a
nalyze , draw co
nclusio
ns , a
nd tha
nks. Key Words:Dig Tree machi
ne,Lifti
ng mecha
nism,Hydraulic,Tra
nspla
nti
ng 目录 第1章绪论1 1.1传统的植被移栽方式1 1.2国内外的机械化移栽设备的研究2 1.2.1国外挖树机的研究现状2 1.2.2国内挖树机的研究现状4 1.2.3我国挖树机发展存在的问题5 1.3挖树机的研究意义6 第2章挖树机的设计思路9 2.1挖树机整机结构现状9 2.2两铲式挖树机9 2.3切割式挖树机10 第3章总体设计13 3.1方案的确定13 3.2设计参数的输入14 3.3液压系统的设计15 3.3.1液压传动的优点15 3.3.2挖树机的液压系统特点16 第4章详细设计19 4.1挖树机的构造19 4.2挖树机的工作过程22 4.3挖树机构设计23 4.3.1工作铲23 4.3.2挖铲的结构设计24 4.4挖树机挖树机构的导轨和导轨支架26 4.4.1导轨及挖树铲刀与导轨的配合26 4.4.2导轨支架27 第5章验证校核29 5.1整体的稳定性29 5.2销轴的校核30 5.3液压缸强度的校核31 结论33 参考文献35 谢辞36 第1章绪论 1.1传统的植被移栽方式 中国有句老话叫“人挪活,树挪死”,意在说明树木的生长位置不能随便更改,否则很可能会导致树木的“夭折”。传统的大型树木在人工挖掘及移植过程中因为受限于挖掘工具及人力条件的不足,不可避免地会伤及树根,而根是树的生命之本,所以,移植的树木对土壤、气候、季节、水分等外界环境条件中的任何不适都会直接影响树木移植的成活率。为了减少这些外界环境条件对树木成活率的影响,树木移植过程中都要在树根周围保留一定大小的土球(土球直径一般为树干直径的12~20倍,最大可达2.5 m,树干直径越大,土球直径相对于树干直径的倍数越小;大多数土球深度在300~1 500 mm的范围;挖掘时可根据树干的直径大小来保留土球),再对土球进行包裹,防止运输及装卸过程中土球变得松散、土球内水分过度流失。
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ng machi
ne worki
ng device tree desig
n Abstract Thesis research is desig
ned to dig the tree machi
ne worki
ng device , the article firstly a
nalyzes the shortcomi
ngs of the traditio
nal way of tra
nspla
nti
ng vegetatio
n , raised the importa
nce a
nd
necessity of mecha
nized tra
nspla
nti
ng . A
nd study abroad mecha
nized tra
nspla
nti
ng equipme
nt, a
nalytical . By vertical, horizo
ntal compariso
ns of the developme
nt of Chi
na's machi
ne diggi
ng up tree problems ide
ntified key tasks a
nd mai
n directio
ns of future research a
nd developme
nt stage . Status tree diggi
ng machi
ne at home a
nd abroad , set out the tree machi
nes diggi
ng machi
ne roughly three programs to a
nalyze tha
n its adva
ntages a
nd disadva
ntages, a
nd i
n accorda
nce with the desig
n e
nviro
nme
nt tree diggi
ng machi
ne operatio
n , types of vegetatio
n, vegetatio
n age , shift pla
nted specific
needs , as well as the requireme
nts of this desig
n , a
nd ultimately determi
ne the choice of three hydraulic shovel diggi
ng up tree machi
nes, the load o
n the flatbed . Also developed a major i
nput parameters : Host power , earth ball diameter , ball height of the soil , worki
ng device to e
nha
nce weight lifter time to pla
nt , a
nd Overall dime
nsio
ns ( le
ngth × width × height ) a
nd so o
n . Machi
nes for diggi
ng tree hydraulic system desig
n, desig
n work to match hydraulic schematic diagram , hydraulic performa
nce parts such as through specific i
nstitutio
ns . Be members of the detailed desig
n, the machi
ne co
nsists of diggi
ng up tree i
ncli
ned lifti
ng mecha
nism , vertical lifti
ng mecha
nism , ope
ni
ng a
nd closi
ng brackets i
nstitutio
ns , diggi
ng trees i
nstitutio
ns co
nstitute a hydraulic actuator . Several parts of the desig
n of these structures a
nd parameters i
n detail , a
nd i
n this part of the tree diggi
ng machi
ne specific work processes are discussed. Were a
nalyzed for overall stability , preve
nt diggi
ng trees tilt or rollover process , a
nd a
nalyze i
ndividual co
n
necti
ng pi
n be checked to preve
nt sheari
ng a
nd be
ndi
ng deformatio
n. Fi
nally mecha
nized tra
nspla
nti
ng should pay atte
ntio
n to the tech
nical a
nd eco
nomic issues a
nd a
nalyze , draw co
nclusio
ns , a
nd tha
nks. Key Words:Dig Tree machi
ne,Lifti
ng mecha
nism,Hydraulic,Tra
nspla
nti
ng 目录 第1章绪论1 1.1传统的植被移栽方式1 1.2国内外的机械化移栽设备的研究2 1.2.1国外挖树机的研究现状2 1.2.2国内挖树机的研究现状4 1.2.3我国挖树机发展存在的问题5 1.3挖树机的研究意义6 第2章挖树机的设计思路9 2.1挖树机整机结构现状9 2.2两铲式挖树机9 2.3切割式挖树机10 第3章总体设计13 3.1方案的确定13 3.2设计参数的输入14 3.3液压系统的设计15 3.3.1液压传动的优点15 3.3.2挖树机的液压系统特点16 第4章详细设计19 4.1挖树机的构造19 4.2挖树机的工作过程22 4.3挖树机构设计23 4.3.1工作铲23 4.3.2挖铲的结构设计24 4.4挖树机挖树机构的导轨和导轨支架26 4.4.1导轨及挖树铲刀与导轨的配合26 4.4.2导轨支架27 第5章验证校核29 5.1整体的稳定性29 5.2销轴的校核30 5.3液压缸强度的校核31 结论33 参考文献35 谢辞36 第1章绪论 1.1传统的植被移栽方式 中国有句老话叫“人挪活,树挪死”,意在说明树木的生长位置不能随便更改,否则很可能会导致树木的“夭折”。传统的大型树木在人工挖掘及移植过程中因为受限于挖掘工具及人力条件的不足,不可避免地会伤及树根,而根是树的生命之本,所以,移植的树木对土壤、气候、季节、水分等外界环境条件中的任何不适都会直接影响树木移植的成活率。为了减少这些外界环境条件对树木成活率的影响,树木移植过程中都要在树根周围保留一定大小的土球(土球直径一般为树干直径的12~20倍,最大可达2.5 m,树干直径越大,土球直径相对于树干直径的倍数越小;大多数土球深度在300~1 500 mm的范围;挖掘时可根据树干的直径大小来保留土球),再对土球进行包裹,防止运输及装卸过程中土球变得松散、土球内水分过度流失。
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