摘要 近年来，随着我国经济结构和农业种植业结构的调整，蔬菜种植面积逐步增加，蔬菜产业在当地的经济收益上占有很大的比重。大多数蔬菜品种都采用育苗移栽的方式种植，而我国蔬菜移栽机械发展缓慢，长期以来蔬菜移栽一直以手工作业为主，制约了我国蔬菜产业的发展。因此实现移栽生产机械化是我过蔬菜产业亟待解决的关键问题。 本文在分析了国内外移栽机械研究概况、发展趋势以及现有主要机型特点的基础上，根据我国蔬菜生产的实际情况，设计并研制了新型的悬杯式蔬菜移栽机。针对吊篮式移栽机在钵苗过高时容易碰苗的问题，设计了悬杯式蔬菜移栽机，阐述了整机的结构及工作原理，并对关键部件进行了具体的结构设计。通过采用水平向后张开的悬杯结构，降低了落苗过程中的伤苗率，提高了整机的栽植质量。由于其悬杯水平左右开启，开口朝后，所以在特征参数的条件下进行移栽作业时作业时，落苗后张开的悬杯从钵苗的侧面沿机组前进方向离开，有效地解决了现有吊篮式移栽机在钵苗过高的情况下落苗容易出现的碰苗问题。在理论分析的基础上，确定了悬杯式蔬菜移栽机整机的总体配置方案和栽植单体、传动系统、悬挂架、限深轮、地轮等零部件的具体结构，用三维设计软件SolidWorks建立了整机的三维模型，并对其进行干涉检查。 关键词：蔬菜移栽机；悬杯式；栽苗器 Abstract I
n rece
ntyears,with the adjustme
nt of the eco
nomic a
nd agricultural pla
nti
ng structure of Chi
na are pushed forward,the acreage ofvegetables graduallyi
ncreases a
nd thevegetable i
ndustryaccou
nts for a large proportio
n of the local eco
nomic be
nefits.Mostvegetable productio
n adopts the tech
nologyof seedli
ng
nursi
ng,but thevegetable tra
nspla
nter i
n our cou
ntrydevelops slowlya
ndvegetable tra
nspla
nti
ng is mai
nlybyma
nualwork for a lo
ng time.It has seriouslyhampered the developme
nt ofvegetable i
ndustryi
n Chi
na.So it has become a
n urge
nt issue to achieve seedli
ng tra
nspla
nti
ng mecha
nizatio
n for ourvegetable i
ndustry. Accordi
ng to the actual situatio
n of Chi
nesevegetable productio
n,based o
n the a
nalysis of domestic a
nd foreig
n tra
nspla
nter’s ge
neral situatio
ns,developme
nt tre
nds a
nd characteristics of existi
ng models,a
newca
ntilever cupvegetable tra
nspla
nter is desig
ned a
nd ma
nufactured.It uses a ca
ntilever cup pla
nti
ng apparatus as the keycompo
ne
nt to load a
nd pla
nt seedli
ngs.To solve the problem that the ha
ngi
ng basket tra
nspla
nter is apt to impact the seedli
ngswhe
n the seedli
ngs are too high，the ca
ntilever cupvegetable tra
nspla
nterwas desig
ned．The structure a
nd theworki
ng pri
nciple ofwhole machi
newere i
ntroduced，a
nd the detailed structure of keycompo
ne
ntswas desig
ned．Byusi
ng the ca
ntilever cupwhich splays i
n the horizo
ntal pla
ne a
nd ope
ns backwards，the rate of damaged seedli
ngs i
n the process of droppi
ng seedli
ngswas reduced a
nd thewhole machi
ne’S pla
nti
ng qualitywas improved．Because of its ca
ntilever cup ope
ni
ng backwards i
n the horizo
ntal pla
ne,sowhe
n thevegetable tra
nspla
nterworks u
nder the situatio
n of of characteristic coefficie
nts,the ope
ni
ng cup leaves the seedli
ng from the side alo
ngwhole machi
ne’s forward directio
n,which effectivelysolve the problem that the existi
ng ha
ngi
ng basket tra
nspla
nter is apt to impact the seedli
ngswhe
n the seedli
ngs are too high.Based o
n the theoretical a
nalysis,the overall co
nfiguratio
n of ca
ntilever cupvegetable tra
nspla
nter a
nd the specific structure of tra
nspla
nti
ng u
nit,tra
nsmissio
n system,suspe
nsio
n frame,depthwheel,a
nd grou
ndwheelwere determi
ned.Three-dime
nsio
nal model of the machi
newas established by3D desig
n software SolidWorks a
nd did the i
nterfere
nce checki
ng. Keywords：vegetable tra
nspla
nter；ca
ntilever cup；pla
nti
ng apparatus 目录 摘要1 Abstract 2 前言3 1蔬菜移栽机的研究发展3 1.1国外移栽机械的研究概况3 1.2国内移栽机械的研究概况3 1.3移栽机械的主要类型4 1.4移栽机械研究存在的问题及发展趋势9 1.4.1移栽机械研究存在的问题9 1.4.2移栽机械研究的发展趋势9 2悬杯式蔬菜移栽机的工作机理10 2.1栽苗器整体的运动轨迹分析10 2.1.1栽苗器整体的运动方程10 2.1.2栽苗器的运动轨迹分析11 2.2悬杯式蔬菜移栽机的主要特征参数12 3悬杯式蔬菜移栽机的结构设计14 3.1整机结构与工作过程14 3.1.1整机结构14 3.1.2整机工作过程15 3.1.3性能指标15 3.2栽植单体的设计16 3.2.1栽植轮16 3.2.2悬杯式栽苗器18 3.2.3开沟器23 3.2.4覆土镇压轮23 3.3传动系统24 3.4悬挂装置与机架25 3.5限深轮26 3.6地轮27 4结论28 参考文献28 致谢30