数控外圆磨床结构设计 摘要 随着磨削技术的日益成熟，对磨削装备的要求越来越严格，数控外圆磨床的发展显得愈发重要。我国目前高精度及超高精度磨床需求日益增长，但大部分高端磨床都赖于进口，因此，从磨床结构设计入手，提高磨床的静动态性能和加工精度及效率不失为一个有效的措施。本文主要确定了数控外圆磨床的结构设计，其中主要开展工作如下： （1）机床整体布局及驱动、传动方式的选择，以及纵向、横向、圆周进给运动方案等。其中，纵向往复进给采用传统液压驱动，横向进给采用直线电机驱动，圆周进给采用伺服电机，砂轮采用电主轴驱动。 （2）确定其主要零部件的基本尺寸，基于SolidWorks绘制机床结构三维图并绘制工程图。 （3）学习有限元分析软件ANSYS，通过有限元分析整机特性，提出结构修改建议。 关键词：数控外圆磨床，电主轴，直线电机，有限元分析 Structure Desig
n of NC Cyli
ndrical Gri
nder Abstract With the i
ncreasi
ng maturity of gri
ndi
ng tech
nology, the requireme
nts for gri
ndi
ng equipme
nt are becomi
ng more a
nd more strict, a
nd the developme
nt of CNC cyli
ndrical gri
ndi
ng machi
nes is becomi
ng more a
nd more importa
nt. At prese
nt, the dema
nd for high-precisio
n a
nd ultra-high-precisio
n gri
ndi
ng machi
nes is i
ncreasi
ng i
n Chi
na, but most high-e
nd gri
ndi
ng machi
nes rely o
n imports. Therefore, starti
ng from the structural desig
n of the gri
ndi
ng machi
ne, improvi
ng the static a
nd dy
namic performa
nce of the gri
ndi
ng machi
ne a
nd the processi
ng accuracy a
nd efficie
ncy are a
n effective measure. This paper mai
nly determi
nes the structural desig
n of the CNC cyli
ndrical gri
ndi
ng machi
ne, the mai
n work is as follows: (1)The overall layout of the machi
ne tool a
nd the selectio
n of the drive a
nd tra
nsmissio
n mode, as well as the lo
ngitudi
nal, lateral a
nd circumfere
ntial feed motio
n schemes. Amo
ng them, the lo
ngitudi
nal reciprocati
ng feed adopts the traditio
nal hydraulic drive, the lateral feed is drive
n by a li
near motor, the circumfere
ntial feed is drive
n by a servo motor, a
nd the gri
ndi
ng wheel is drive
n by a
n electric spi
ndle. (2)Determi
ne the basic dime
nsio
ns of the mai
n compo
ne
nts, draw a 3D map of the machi
ne structure based o
n SolidWorks a
nd draw the drawi
ng. (3)Lear
ni
ng the fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis software ANSYS, through the fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis of the whole machi
ne characteristics, proposed structural modificatio
n. Key words: CNC cyli
ndrical gri
ndi
ng machi
ne, electric spi
ndle, li
near motor, fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis 目录 第1章绪论1 1.1课题研究背景及意义1 1.2发展现状1 1.3课题主要研究内容2 第2章数控外圆磨床方案设计3 2.1总体设计思路及方案3 2.2主要零部件设计分析3 2.2.1床身结构设计4 2.2.2头架结构设计4 2.2.3尾架结构设计5 2.2.4工作台结构设计6 2.2.5砂轮架结构设计7 2.3本章小结9 第3章部分零部件的选型计算11 3.1设计要求11 3.2头架伺服电机的选型计算11 3.3伺服电机力矩校核12 3.4电主轴的选型计算13 3.5直线滑轨选型计算14 3.6直线电机的选型计算15 3.7本章小结17 第4章有限元分析及结构改进19 4.1有限元法及软件简介19 4.2模型简化19 4.3分析准备20 4.3.1模型导入20 4.3.2材料的选择及网格的划分20 4.3.3边界条件确定21 4.4方案分析结果对比21 4.5床身肋板布局分析22 4.6本章小结25 第5章总结与展望27 5.1总结27 5.2展望27 参考文献29 致谢31