摘要 车架作为汽车的承载集体，安装着发动机、转向系、悬架、驾驶室、货厢等有关部件和总成，承受着传递给它的各种力和力矩。车架工作状态十分复杂，根本无法用简单的数学方法对其进行准确的分析计算,而采用有限元方法可以对车架的静态特征进行较为准确的分析，从而经验设计进入到科学设计阶段。 本文对该轻型货车车架进行结构设计，并运用有限元方法对其进行静态分析。 首先通过计算，对车架的材料、主要参数、结构形式等进行选择，并根据车架的主要技术参数，计算车架的刚度、挠度、扭转角等。其次，针对该车架运用Pro/E软件进行有限元模型的建立。在忠于主要力学特性的前提下，对车架结构进行必要的简化。建立有限元模型时考虑了若干问题，比如：结构简化的处理，单元的选取，单元数量的控制，单元质量的检查，网格的布局，还有连接方式的模拟等。对车架有限元模型进行静态分析，并从中得出结论。 文中阐述了车架结构设计的基本方法及建立车架有限元模型的基本原则。通过对车架进行结构设计、有限元分析，从而使车架的承载能力提高，实现结构轻量化。 关键词：车架；结构设计；Pro/E；有限元模型；有限元分析 ABSTRACT The frame ,as a most importa
nt part of carrier car,supports some accessories such as e
ngi
ne,drive li
ne,ru
n
ni
ng geer,body,a
nd withsta
nds all ki
nds of force.I
n additio
n ,the work co
nditio
n of carrier car is extremely bad,a
nd stress co
nditio
n is also complex ,it is u
nable to use simple mathermatical method for accurate a
nalysis of the calculatio
n，a
nd the fi
nite eleme
nt method ca
n be used to a
nalyse the staic a
nd dy
namic performa
nce of the frame more accurately,so that the desig
n of frame will go from the experie
nce desig
n i
nto the scie
ntific desig
n stage. This article carries o
n the structural desig
n to this pickup truck frame, a
nd carries o
n the static a
nalysis usi
ng the fi
nite eleme
nt method to it. First the computatio
n that it is i
n order to complete the frame material, the mai
n parameter, the structural style which carry o
n the choice, a
nd accordi
ng to the frame mai
n tech
nical parameter, calculates the frame the rigidity, the amou
nt of deflectio
n, the a
ngle of torsio
n a
nd so o
n.Next, carries o
n the fi
nite eleme
nt model i
n view of this frame usi
ng the Pro/E software the establishme
nt.I
n is loyal to u
nder the mai
n mecha
nics characteristic premise, carries o
n the esse
ntial simplificatio
n to the frame structure.Whe
n establishme
nt fi
nite eleme
nt model has co
nsidered certai
n questio
ns, for i
nsta
nce: The structure simplifies processi
ng, u
nit selectio
n, u
nit qua
ntity co
ntrol, u
nit quality i
nspectio
n, grid layout, but also has the co
n
nectio
n way simulatio
n a
nd so o
n.Carries o
n the static a
nalysis to the frame fi
nite eleme
nt model, a
nd draws the co
nclusio
n. At last the paper i
ntroduced the basic method of frame structure desig
n a
nd fi
nite eleme
nt model is established the basic pri
nciples of the frame. Through the frame structure desig
n a
nd fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis, so as to improve the beari
ng capacity of the frame structure, realize the lightweight. Key words: Frame；Physical desig
n；Pro/E；Fi
nite eleme
nt model；Fi
nite eleme
nt a
nalysis 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第1章绪论1 1.1研究背景1 1.2货车研究的目的和意义1 1.3车架国内外研究状况2 1.4主要研究内容3 第2章轻型货车的车架设计4 2.1车架概述4 2.1.1车架的设计要求4 2.1.2车架的类型4 2.1.3车架的制造工艺及材料7 2.2车架的结构设计8 2.2.1车架的挠度计算9 2.2.2车架的弯矩及弯应力计算10 2.2.3车架的扭矩及扭转角计算12 2.3本章小结13 第3章车架三维模型的建立14 3.1 Pro/E软件介绍14 3.2三维模型的建立15 3.3本章小结20 第4章车架有限元分析21 4.1 ANSYS软件介绍21 4.2轻型货车有限元模型的处理26 4.2.1车架几何数据处理27 4.2.2网格划分的基本原则27 4.2.3网格的质量控制27 4.3车架弯曲工况分析29 4.3.1弯曲工况下的约束与载荷29 4.3.2弯曲工况结果分析29 4.4车架扭转工况分析31 4.4.1扭转工况下约束与载荷31 4.4.2扭转工况结果分析31 4.5车架制动工况分析32 4.5.1车架制动工况下约束与载荷32 4.5.2制动工况结果分析32 4.6本章小结33 结论34 参考文献35 致谢36 附录37