缸盖主油道孔钻削夹具设计 摘要 机械加工是生产和制造的基石。机床与机床夹具是分不开的，夹具在制造业中也占有着非常重要的地位。其次，使用专用夹具不仅可以扩大原来机床的使用范围，还可以实现功能多样化。从而夹具在加工中起着十分显着的作用。 发动机缸盖是发动机的关键零件之一，而主油道孔是缸盖的关键部位，可以起到润滑和冷却的作用。本课题以枪钻机床为例，针对某型发动机缸盖主油道孔钻削工序开展夹具设计，通过分析零件的结构、外形等特点，从而确定工件的定位方案、夹紧方案以及夹具的结构方案。同时，通过计算定位误差、夹紧力、校核定位误差和夹具刚度等来保证设计要求。同时考虑制造成本和制造工艺，优化零件的结构。由于发动机缸盖主油道孔的加工属于深孔加工，考虑到加工效率的问题，采用枪钻机床两端同时加工，因此，本夹具是带有双钻模的深孔加工夹具。 本次夹具设计是与生产实践相结合，同时也是本着加工成本和功能并重的设计理念，从零件出发，根据加工要求逐步的对每个零件进行设计。另外，在设计过程中，通过利用相关计算机辅助设计软件进行三维构型，以校核在设计过程中的不合理之处；零件设计完成后，再通过三维软件进行配合，以保证零件设计的合理性，通过多方面考虑设计后，完成装配图的绘制。 关键词：夹具设计，定位误差，夹具结构设计，双钻模ABSTRACT Machi
ni
ng is the cor
nersto
ne of productio
n a
nd ma
nufacturi
ng. Machi
ne tools a
nd machi
ne tool fixtures are i
nseparable, a
nd fixture plays a very importa
nt role i
n the ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry. Seco
ndly, the use of special fixture ca
n
not o
nly expa
nd the scope of the origi
nal machi
ne tool, but also realize the diversificatio
n of fu
nctio
ns. Therefore, the fixture plays a very sig
nifica
nt role i
n processi
ng. The e
ngi
ne cyli
nder head is o
ne of the key parts of the e
ngi
ne, a
nd the mai
n oil hole is the key part of the cyli
nder head, which ca
n play the role of lubricatio
n a
nd cooli
ng. This topic takes the gu
n drill machi
ne tool as a
n example to carry out the fixture desig
n for the mai
n oil cha
n
nel hole drilli
ng procedure of a certai
n type e
ngi
ne cyli
nder head. By a
nalyzi
ng the features of the structure a
nd shape of the parts, the positio
ni
ng scheme, the clampi
ng scheme a
nd the structural scheme of the fixture are determi
ned. At the same time, the positio
ni
ng requireme
nts, clampi
ng force, locatio
n error a
nd fixture stiff
ness are calculated to e
nsure the desig
n requireme
nts. At the same time, co
nsideri
ng the ma
nufacturi
ng cost a
nd ma
nufacturi
ng process, the structure of parts is optimized. Because the machi
ni
ng of the mai
n oil cha
n
nel hole of the e
ngi
ne cyli
nder head belo
ngs to the deep hole processi
ng, co
nsideri
ng the problem of machi
ni
ng efficie
ncy, the two e
nds of the gu
n drill machi
ne are processed simulta
neously. Therefore, this fixture is a deep hole machi
ni
ng fixture with double drills. The fixture desig
n is combi
ned with the productio
n practice, a
nd is also based o
n the desig
n co
ncept of the processi
ng cost a
nd fu
nctio
n. From the parts, accordi
ng to the processi
ng requireme
nts, each part is gradually desig
ned. I
n additio
n, i
n the desig
n process, through the use of related computer aided desig
n software for three-dime
nsio
nal co
nfiguratio
n, to check the u
nreaso
nable i
n the desig
n process, after the completio
n of the desig
n, a
nd the
n through the three-dime
nsio
nal software to cooperate to e
nsure the ratio
nality of the desig
n of parts, through ma
ny aspects of the desig
n to complete the drawi
ng of assembly drawi
ng. Key words: Fixture desig
n; positio
ni
ng error; desig
n of fixture structure; double jig 目录 摘要I ABSTRACT II 1绪论1 1.1项目研究的目的与意义1 1.2发动机缸盖概述1 1.3目前研究的现状和发展趋势3 1.4本主要研究内容4 1.5本章小结5 2加工零件的分析5 2.1汽车发动机缸盖结构及工艺分析5 2.2零件加工技术要求及工艺流程设计7 2.3本章小结8 3定位装置的设计9 3.1工件定位的基本原理9 3.2工件的定位方法及其定位元件12 3.3定位误差分析与计算14 3.4本章小结15 4夹紧装置的设计16 4.1夹紧装置的组成及其设计原则16 4.2夹紧力的确定18 4.3本章小结20 5夹具体及引导装置设计21 5.1夹具体的设计21 5.2引导装置的设计22 5.3本章小结25 6设计总结26 参考文献27 致谢28 附录1：外文译文附录2：外文原文