机械5

摘要 零件的数控加工工艺分析是编制数控程序中最重要而又极其复杂的环节，也是数控加工工艺方案设计的核心工作，必须在数控加工方案制定前完成。一个合格的编程人员对数控机床及其控制系统的功能及特点，以及影响数控加工的每个环节都要有一个清晰、全面的了解，这样才能避免由于工艺方案考虑不周而可能出现的产品质量问题，造成无谓的人力、物力等资源的浪费。全面合理的数控加工工艺分析是提高数控编程质量的重要保障。 数控车床是目前使用最广泛的数控机床之一。数控车床主要用于加工轴类、盘类等回转体零件。通过数控加工程序的运行，可自动完成内外圆柱面、圆锥面、成形表面、螺纹和端面等工序的切削加工，并能进行车槽、钻孔、扩孔、铰孔等工作。 本次设计说明书以数控车床车削轴类零件为例，根据被加工工件的材料、轮廓形状、加工精度等选用合适的机床，制定加工方案，确定零件的加工顺序，各工序所用刀具，夹具和切削用量等，编写加工零件的程序。 关键词：数控车床；工艺分析；刀具；切削用量；加工程序 Abstract Parts of
nc machi
ni
ng process a
nalysis is the most importa
nt i
n the
nc program a
nd extremely complex li
nk, also is the core of
nc machi
ni
ng process desig
nwork, must be completed before the
nc machi
ni
ng pla
n formulatio
n.A qualified programmer for
nc machi
ne tool a
nd its fu
nctio
ns a
nd characteristics of co
ntrol system, aswell as the i
nflue
nce of
nc machi
ni
ng each li
nk to have a clear a
nd comprehe
nsive u
ndersta
ndi
ng, so as to avoid the thoughtless process a
nd product quality problems that may occur, causi
ng u
n
necessarywaste of ma
npower a
nd material resources a
nd other resourcesprehe
nsive reaso
nable
nc machi
ni
ng process a
nalysis is the importa
nt guara
ntee to improve the quality of
numerical co
ntrol programmi
ng. Numerical co
ntrol lathe is curre
ntly the mostwidely used o
ne of
nc machi
ne toolsC lathe is mai
nly used for machi
ni
ng shaft, platexisymmetricalparts.Through the operatio
n of the
nc machi
ni
ng program, ca
n automatically complete i
nside a
nd outside the cyli
nder, co
ne surface, formi
ng surface, threads a
nd tra
nsverse processes such as machi
ni
ng, a
nd for tur
ni
ng, drilli
ng, reami
ng, reami
ng, etc. This desig
n i
nstructio
n i
n CNC lathe tur
ni
ng a typical shaft parts, for example, accordi
ng to the shape of the material, the outli
ne of the processedworkpiece, choose suitable machi
ne tools machi
ni
ng precisio
n, processi
ng scheme, determi
ne the machi
ni
ng seque
nce of parts, eachworki
ng procedure used tool, fixture a
nd cutti
ng dosage, etc.,write a program of machi
ni
ng parts. Keywords: CNC lathe,Process a
nalysis；The cutti
ng tool;Cutti
ng parameter；Processi
ng program 目录 摘要I Abstract II 第一章引言1 第二章零件工艺规程设计2 2.1零件图的审查2 2.1.1零件图的完整性与正确性3 2.1.2零件的材料分析3 2.1.2.1毛坯的种类3 2.1.2.2确定毛坯考虑因素4 2.1.2.3毛坯尺寸的确定5 2.2加工方法的选择5 2.3工艺设备的选择5 2.3.1机床的选择5 2.3.2量具及辅助用具的选择5 2.4零件的安装6 2.5选择夹具6 2.6刀具的选择8 第三章确定加工工艺方案9 3.1确定定位基准9 3.2工序与工步的划分9 3.3加工顺序的安排10 3.4加工路线的确定10 3.5加工工艺过程卡片11 第四章切削用量的计算13 4.1切削用量的选择13 4.1.1主轴转速的确定13 4.1.2进给速度的确定14 4.1.3背吃刀量的确定14 4.2切削用量计算14 第五章程序的编制与仿真加工17 5.1对刀点与换刀点的确定17 5.2工序二加工程序清单18 5.3工序三加工程序清单20 5.4零件仿真加工步骤21 5.4.1机床的开机21 5.4.2回零操作22 5.4.3加工程序输入22 5.4.4进行程序校验及加工轨迹仿真22 5.4.5程序试运行22 5.4.6进行对刀操作22 5.4.7在自动方式下加工23 致谢25 总结26 参考文献27