汽车废气余能回收利用装置设计
摘要
节能足汽车工业发展的三大主题之一。由于能源消耗的加剧,汽车节能问题备受人们的关注。有关研究资料表明,汽车燃料燃烧所发出的能量只有三分之一左右被有效利用,其它的能量被排放到大气中,不仅造成了能源的浪费,还带来了不良环境影响。因此,采用有效手段充分利用汽车排放的废热应当是我们实现汽车节能、降低排放的一个研究方向。
本文对当前提出的各种汽车余热利用手段进行了分类,并做了综合分析比较,提出汽车废气涡轮发电可能是比较理想的汽车余热利用方式,并进行了初步设计。
本文首先对汽车废气能量进行了分析,提出应当用有效能的能量衡算方法分析汽车废气能量,指出了影响废气能量的因素并提出了提高废气中可用能量的措施。其次,本文分析了不同排气系统在废气能量利用上的差异,提出了能量利用效率较高的排气系统方案并针对一台发动机进行了设计。再次,针对一台柴油发动机利用编制的优化设计程序进行了涡轮部分设计。
本文还针对一台具体的发动机排气系统设计了涡轮机壳,涡轮管道,轴,轴承,对此部分的设计是依照涡轮尺寸来设计的。其部分尺寸由涡轮计算得出。由于能力有限,知识限制,再者现在的发电机设计技术相当成熟,本文不再具体针对发电系统部分进行设计,本装置只设计到轴部分,轴端可以装万向连接器,也可以与要设计的发电机同轴,需要注意的是本装置设计的轴承一端为悬浮,即只有一端轴向固定,另一端的轴向固定还需要电动机里面的轴承来实现。
本文将具体每个零件三维图及其cad图已经一一画出,并在本文之中附以三维几部分平面图片,一边读者心中对设计更加清晰!
关键词:汽车;废气;余热;能量利用;涡轮
From car exhausts to recycle the device desig
n Abstract E
nergy co
nservatio
n is o
ne of three big subjects i
n automobile i
ndustry developme
nt.Because e
nergy co
nsumptio
n i
nte
nsifyi
ng,the questio
n of automobile e
nergyco
nservatio
n prepares people’S atte
ntio
n.The related research material i
ndicated,the e
nergy se
ndi
ng oat from automobile fuel bur
ni
ng o
nly has about 1/3 effectively bee
n used,other e
nergies discharge i
nto the atmosphere,
not o
nly has created the e
nergywaste,butalso has brought the poor e
nviro
nme
ntal i
nflue
nce.Therefore,adopti
ng the effectivemethod to fully utilize thewaste heat dischargi
ng from the automobile has to be a research directio
n. This article has classified the method of the curre
nt from avariety of the use of a classificatio
nyure mea
ns, a
nd comprehe
nsive a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n, the turbi
ne ge
neratio
n are more likely to exhaust the car, a
ndyure of the prelimi
nary desig
n. The first to exhaust the e
nergywas a
nalysed a
nd efficie
ncy of e
nergy shall be i
n a republica
nway a
nalysis is to exhaust the e
nergy that had to exhaust the e
nergy for the proposed i
ncrease i
n exhaust ca
n use of e
nergy. seco
nd, this article a
nalyzes the differe
nt systems i
n the exhaust the e
nergy of differe
nces a
nd e
nergy efficie
nt use of the higher the exhaust system solutio
ns a
nd a
n e
ngi
ne of the desig
n. This article has a
nalyzed the differe
nce i
n the exhaust gas e
nergy utilizatio
n of differe
nt exhaust system,proposed the exhaust system pla
nwhich ca
n bri
ng about higher efficie
ncy of e
nergy utilizatio
n,a
nd carried o
n the desig
nwhich aims at a diesel e
ngi
ne, This article for a specific the e
ngi
ne exhaust system desig
n, the turbi
ne, the turbi
ne, beari
ngs, shaft, owi
ng to limited ability, k
nowledge is limited, a
nd furthermore, the ge
nerator desig
n skills are quite ripe, a
nd this is
no specific system for electricity ge
neratio
n of desig
n. the specific each compo
ne
nt threevitou a
nd cad is a picture of a graph a
nd, i
n this paper attached to a few parts of the 3d images, a
nd the pla
newas to desig
n more clear! Keywords:automobile;exhaust gas;waste heat;e
nergy utilizatio
n;turbi
ne 目录 第一章引言5 1.1、研究背景及意义5 1.1.1、汽车废热利用的空间5 1.1.2、汽车废热利用特点5 1.2、研究进展综述6 1.2.1、涡轮增压技术6 1.2.2、余热制冷技术6 1.2.3、余热发电8 1.2.4、余热采暖9 1.3、小结10 1.4、本文主要工作10 第二章针对ZH4100柴油机及排气系统的涡轮部分设计11 2.1、ZH4100柴油机的相关资料11 2.2、排气系统管路图11 2.3、涡轮设计12 2.3.1、涡轮型式选择12 2.3.2、涡轮设计前需确定的参数13 2.3.3、具体计算步骤14 2.3.4、涡轮损失计算和涡轮参数的计算进一步确定17 第三章其他部件的匹配设计19 3.1、轴设计19 3.1.1、轴的结构设计19 3.1.2、轴的材料选择20 3.1.3、轴的强度校核20 3.2、涡壳设计22 3.3、小端涡盖设计23 3.4、大端涡盖设计23 3.5、部分图片预览24 第四章感谢24 参考文献25 附录1:符号表
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n Abstract E
nergy co
nservatio
n is o
ne of three big subjects i
n automobile i
ndustry developme
nt.Because e
nergy co
nsumptio
n i
nte
nsifyi
ng,the questio
n of automobile e
nergyco
nservatio
n prepares people’S atte
ntio
n.The related research material i
ndicated,the e
nergy se
ndi
ng oat from automobile fuel bur
ni
ng o
nly has about 1/3 effectively bee
n used,other e
nergies discharge i
nto the atmosphere,
not o
nly has created the e
nergywaste,butalso has brought the poor e
nviro
nme
ntal i
nflue
nce.Therefore,adopti
ng the effectivemethod to fully utilize thewaste heat dischargi
ng from the automobile has to be a research directio
n. This article has classified the method of the curre
nt from avariety of the use of a classificatio
nyure mea
ns, a
nd comprehe
nsive a
nalysis a
nd compariso
n, the turbi
ne ge
neratio
n are more likely to exhaust the car, a
ndyure of the prelimi
nary desig
n. The first to exhaust the e
nergywas a
nalysed a
nd efficie
ncy of e
nergy shall be i
n a republica
nway a
nalysis is to exhaust the e
nergy that had to exhaust the e
nergy for the proposed i
ncrease i
n exhaust ca
n use of e
nergy. seco
nd, this article a
nalyzes the differe
nt systems i
n the exhaust the e
nergy of differe
nces a
nd e
nergy efficie
nt use of the higher the exhaust system solutio
ns a
nd a
n e
ngi
ne of the desig
n. This article has a
nalyzed the differe
nce i
n the exhaust gas e
nergy utilizatio
n of differe
nt exhaust system,proposed the exhaust system pla
nwhich ca
n bri
ng about higher efficie
ncy of e
nergy utilizatio
n,a
nd carried o
n the desig
nwhich aims at a diesel e
ngi
ne, This article for a specific the e
ngi
ne exhaust system desig
n, the turbi
ne, the turbi
ne, beari
ngs, shaft, owi
ng to limited ability, k
nowledge is limited, a
nd furthermore, the ge
nerator desig
n skills are quite ripe, a
nd this is
no specific system for electricity ge
neratio
n of desig
n. the specific each compo
ne
nt threevitou a
nd cad is a picture of a graph a
nd, i
n this paper attached to a few parts of the 3d images, a
nd the pla
newas to desig
n more clear! Keywords:automobile;exhaust gas;waste heat;e
nergy utilizatio
n;turbi
ne 目录 第一章引言5 1.1、研究背景及意义5 1.1.1、汽车废热利用的空间5 1.1.2、汽车废热利用特点5 1.2、研究进展综述6 1.2.1、涡轮增压技术6 1.2.2、余热制冷技术6 1.2.3、余热发电8 1.2.4、余热采暖9 1.3、小结10 1.4、本文主要工作10 第二章针对ZH4100柴油机及排气系统的涡轮部分设计11 2.1、ZH4100柴油机的相关资料11 2.2、排气系统管路图11 2.3、涡轮设计12 2.3.1、涡轮型式选择12 2.3.2、涡轮设计前需确定的参数13 2.3.3、具体计算步骤14 2.3.4、涡轮损失计算和涡轮参数的计算进一步确定17 第三章其他部件的匹配设计19 3.1、轴设计19 3.1.1、轴的结构设计19 3.1.2、轴的材料选择20 3.1.3、轴的强度校核20 3.2、涡壳设计22 3.3、小端涡盖设计23 3.4、大端涡盖设计23 3.5、部分图片预览24 第四章感谢24 参考文献25 附录1:符号表
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