机械5

简易立式钻铣床数控系统改造设计 摘要 数控技术及数控机床在当今机械制造业中的重要地位和巨大效益，显示了其在国家基础工业现代化中的战略性作用，并已成为传统机械制造工业提升改造和实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的重要手段和标志。数控技术及数控机床的广泛应用，给机械制造业的产业结构、产品种类和档次以及生产方式带来了革命性的变化。数控机床是现代加工车间最重要的装备。 本文的研究目标是针对机床的特点，在满足生产的前提下，对原机床做尽可能少的改动，利用数控系统控制钻铣床运动，实现工作台X、Y、Z的三坐标控制及任意俩轴的联动控制，提高钻铣床的加工精度和自动化水平，完成机床的数控化改造。 根据经济性原则和生产的需要，采用的总体方案为：拆除机床工作台X、 Y、 Z轴原进给系统。将滑动丝杠副更换为滚珠丝杠副，并改装减速齿轮箱、减速齿轮、步进电机。采用步进电机减速齿轮带动滚珠丝杠转动，并通过丝杠螺母副带动工作台转动。首先进行切削力的计算，然后根据切削力的大小计算丝杠的强度、刚度，再结合效率计算校核所选丝杠。选择合适的滚珠丝杠安装方式。之后进行齿轮传动机构设计，根据所选步进电机的步距角、脉冲当量，结合公式计算出减速比，选择合适的齿轮，根据所选齿轮的参数计算出齿轮的转动惯，再结合丝杠的转动惯量，算出总的转动惯量。最后进行转距的计算，计算负载和空载时的最大转矩，根据最大转矩选择匹配的步进电机。 关键词：钻铣床；数控；滚珠丝杠。 Abstract NC a
nd NC machi
ne tool tech
nology i
n today's machi
nery ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustry a
n importa
nt positio
n a
nd great be
nefits, display its
natio
nal i
nfrastructure i
n the i
ndustrial moder
nizatio
n of the strategic role, a
nd has become a traditio
nal mecha
nical ma
nufacturi
ng i
ndustries to tra
nsform a
nd e
nha
nce the impleme
ntatio
n of automatio
n, flexible, i
ntegrated productio
n a
nd a
n importa
nt mea
ns of sig
ns. CNC tech
nology a
nd thewidespread applicatio
n of CNC machi
ne tools, machi
nery ma
nufacturi
ng to the i
ndustrial structure, productvariety a
nd quality a
nd productio
n methods brought about a revolutio
nary cha
nge. CNC machi
ne tools are the most importa
nt moder
n processi
ng pla
nt a
nd equipme
nt. The goal of this paper is aimed at the ZXK7532 milli
ng machi
ne characteristic, to meet the productio
n co
nditio
n, the origi
nal milli
ng machi
ne to do as little as possible cha
nges, usi
ng the
numerical co
ntrol system of milli
ng machi
neworki
ng table moveme
nt, impleme
ntatio
n of X, Y, Z three coordi
nate co
ntrol a
nd ra
ndom three axis li
nkage co
ntrol, improvi
ng the processi
ng precisio
n a
nd the automatio
n level, fi
nish milli
ng machi
ne
numerical co
ntrol tra
nsformatio
n. Accordi
ng to the pri
nciple of eco
nomy a
nd productio
n requireme
nts, the overall pla
n for the demolitio
n of thework table of the machi
ne tool: X, Y, Z axis feed system. The slidi
ng screw replaceme
nt for the ball screw deputy, a
nd modified the reductio
n gear box, gear, steppi
ng motor. The steppi
ng motor deceleratio
n gear drives the ball screw to rotate, a
nd the screw
nut pair drives rotatio
n of the table. After the gear drive mecha
nism desig
n, accordi
ng to the selected stepper motor step a
ngle, pulse equivale
nt, combi
nedwith the formula to compute the ratio, choosi
ng the right gear, the gear parameters calculated from the rotatio
n of the gear is used, combi
nedwith the screw rotatio
nal i
nertia,work out the total rotatio
nal i
nertia. The fi
nal torque calculatio
n, computatio
n load a
nd
no-load maximum torque, accordi
ng to the maximum torque matchi
ng selectio
n of step motor. Keywords: drilli
ng a
nd milli
ng machi
ne， Numerically-co
ntroller machi
ne， ball screw 目录 摘要1 Abstract 2 第1章绪论5 1.1机床数控技术概述5 1.1.1课题研究的目的、意义5 1.1.2国内、外机床数控化改造的现状6 第2章机床总体布局设计8 2.1机床总体尺寸参数的选定8 2.2机床改造方案9 2.2.1机械部分改造9 2.2.2数控系统的改造10 2.2.3电气部分改造10 2.2.4测试机床精度10 第3章进给系统的设计计算10 3.1垂直进给系统的设计计算11 3.1.1滚珠丝杠设计计算11 3.1.2滚珠丝杆副的预紧方式17 3.1.3齿轮传动消隙18 3.1.4脉冲当量和传动比的确定18 3.1.5减速齿轮副设计20 3.1.6步进电机的选择21 3.2纵向进给系统的设计计算22 3.2.1滚珠丝杠设计计算23 3.2.2脉冲当量和传动比的确定26 3.2.3减速齿轮副设计27 3.2.4步进电机的选择28 3.3横向进给系统设计计算29 3.3.1滚珠丝杠设计计算29 3.3.2脉冲当量和传动比的确定32 3.3.3减速齿轮副设计32 3.3.4步进电机的选择33 第4章数控系统的设计34 4.1数控车床及数控系统的概述34 4.2控制系统总体方案的拟定37 4.3进给步进电机的驱动器选型38 4.4分配器38 4.5系统的编程与加工功能39 4.6系统报警40 第5章总控制系统硬件电路设计41 5.1单片机的设计41 5.2系统的扩展44 5.3 I/O口的扩展45 5.4步进电机控制电路设计48 第6章控制系统的软件设计52 第7章机床调试验收53 总结55 参考文献56 致谢57