摘要
本设计主要基于数控铣床的工作原理,根据设计任务的尺寸给出了一个比较简单的X-Y数控铣床工作台的设计。
首先,确定总体设计方案:对导向副、螺母副、减速装置的选择和控制系统的设计进行初步分析,然后画出总体方案。
其次,机械传动部分的计算与选择:导轨上运动部件的重量估算、铣削力的计算、直线滚动导轨副的计算和选择、滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选择;步进电机减速器的选择、步进电机的计算和选择。该部分作为设计的重点,进行了大量的分析、计算和验算,最终达到了满足任务大小要求的工作要求。
其次,选择X-Y工作台的控制系统。本设计主要采用8051单片机进行控制,并进行了简单的汇编程序设计。
最后,设计了控制系统。在此基础上,主要通过馈电传输系统设计了硬件电路,绘制了控制系统的原理框图。然后对步进电机的驱动功率进行了分析。
关键词:数控铣床;控制系统;总体设计
Abstract
This desig
n is based o
n the CNC milli
ng machi
neworks, accordi
ng to the desig
n task give
n the size of thework to desig
n a relatively simple eco
nomic XY CNC milli
ng machi
ne table. First, determi
ne the overall desig
n: i
ncludi
ng a prelimi
nary a
nalysis of the Guideway,screw
nut, deceleratio
n device selectio
n a
nd co
ntrol system desig
n, a
nd the
n draw age
neral scheme i
n Figure. Seco
ndly, the calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of mecha
nical drive compo
ne
nts: theweight of movi
ng parts i
n the rail estimates, the calculatio
n of the milli
ng force, li
near rolli
ng the Guideway the calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of, the calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of the ball screw
nut, step i
nto the motor to the gearbox selectio
n, calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of the stepper motor. This sectio
n as the desig
n focus a great deal of a
nalysis, calculatio
n a
nd checki
ng, a
nd fi
nally get to meet the ma
ndate of the size of the job requireme
nts. The
n, the co
ntrol system of the XY table to choose. The desig
n of the mai
n selectio
n of the 8051 microco
ntroller to co
ntrol, a
nd simple assembly programmi
ng. Fi
nally, the co
ntrol system desig
n. Here mai
nly through i
nto the tra
nsmissio
n system to the hardware circuit desig
n, a
nd draw the co
ntrol system block diagram; the
n a
nalyzed a
nd chose
n stepper motor drive power. Keywords:CNC milli
ng machi
ne; co
ntrol system; overall desig
n 目录 摘要Ⅰ AbstractⅡ 绪论1 1国内外现状1 2选题的意义1 3选题的目的2 数控机床基础3 1数控机床的产生与发展3 1.1数控机床的产生3 1.2数控机床的发展概况4 1.3我国数控机床发展概况5 1.4数控机床的发展趋势6 2数控机床的概念及组成6 1.1数控机床的概念6 2.2数控机床的组成6 3数控机床的种类与应用9 3.1按机床运动轨迹进行分类10 3.2.按伺服系统类型进行分类11 3.3.按工艺用途进行分类13 3.4按数控系统功能水平进行分类14 4数控机床加工的特点及应用15 4.1数控机床加工特点15 4.2数控机床的应用16 工作台设计18 1设计任务18 1.1设计题目18 2整体方案的确定19 2.1系统总体框图19 2.2系统运动方式和伺服系统19 2.3机械部件的计算及选择19 2.4计算机控制系统的选择19 3机械设计部分20 3.1工作台重量初步估算20 3.2铣削力的计算20 3.3直线滚动导轨副的计算和选择21 3.4滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选择22 3.5步进电动机的计算及型号选择24 4控制系统的硬件选择29 4.1数控系统的硬件电路由以下几部分组成29 4.2主控制器CPU的选择30 4.3存储器扩展电路设计31 5数控系统电路设计31 6系统控制软件的设计32 结论38 参考文献39 致谢49
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n is based o
n the CNC milli
ng machi
neworks, accordi
ng to the desig
n task give
n the size of thework to desig
n a relatively simple eco
nomic XY CNC milli
ng machi
ne table. First, determi
ne the overall desig
n: i
ncludi
ng a prelimi
nary a
nalysis of the Guideway,screw
nut, deceleratio
n device selectio
n a
nd co
ntrol system desig
n, a
nd the
n draw age
neral scheme i
n Figure. Seco
ndly, the calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of mecha
nical drive compo
ne
nts: theweight of movi
ng parts i
n the rail estimates, the calculatio
n of the milli
ng force, li
near rolli
ng the Guideway the calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of, the calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of the ball screw
nut, step i
nto the motor to the gearbox selectio
n, calculatio
n a
nd selectio
n of the stepper motor. This sectio
n as the desig
n focus a great deal of a
nalysis, calculatio
n a
nd checki
ng, a
nd fi
nally get to meet the ma
ndate of the size of the job requireme
nts. The
n, the co
ntrol system of the XY table to choose. The desig
n of the mai
n selectio
n of the 8051 microco
ntroller to co
ntrol, a
nd simple assembly programmi
ng. Fi
nally, the co
ntrol system desig
n. Here mai
nly through i
nto the tra
nsmissio
n system to the hardware circuit desig
n, a
nd draw the co
ntrol system block diagram; the
n a
nalyzed a
nd chose
n stepper motor drive power. Keywords:CNC milli
ng machi
ne; co
ntrol system; overall desig
n 目录 摘要Ⅰ AbstractⅡ 绪论1 1国内外现状1 2选题的意义1 3选题的目的2 数控机床基础3 1数控机床的产生与发展3 1.1数控机床的产生3 1.2数控机床的发展概况4 1.3我国数控机床发展概况5 1.4数控机床的发展趋势6 2数控机床的概念及组成6 1.1数控机床的概念6 2.2数控机床的组成6 3数控机床的种类与应用9 3.1按机床运动轨迹进行分类10 3.2.按伺服系统类型进行分类11 3.3.按工艺用途进行分类13 3.4按数控系统功能水平进行分类14 4数控机床加工的特点及应用15 4.1数控机床加工特点15 4.2数控机床的应用16 工作台设计18 1设计任务18 1.1设计题目18 2整体方案的确定19 2.1系统总体框图19 2.2系统运动方式和伺服系统19 2.3机械部件的计算及选择19 2.4计算机控制系统的选择19 3机械设计部分20 3.1工作台重量初步估算20 3.2铣削力的计算20 3.3直线滚动导轨副的计算和选择21 3.4滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选择22 3.5步进电动机的计算及型号选择24 4控制系统的硬件选择29 4.1数控系统的硬件电路由以下几部分组成29 4.2主控制器CPU的选择30 4.3存储器扩展电路设计31 5数控系统电路设计31 6系统控制软件的设计32 结论38 参考文献39 致谢49
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