内容摘要 换热器是工业生产中经常用的设备，在不同工作环境下对换热器的性能要求不同，它是冷热流体间能够传递热量的设备。本次的设计为浮头式换热器，浮头式换热器最主要的是由管箱、管板、壳体、折流板等主要部分构成。浮头换热器的一侧是固定管板与壳体紧密固定，另外一端则为浮动管板与浮头相连接。因此，热应力的优点是比较小的，容易检查，清洁。这种结构的缺点是更复杂。 本次设计的主要设计参数为：设计压力管程为0.99Mpa，壳程为2.75Mpa，工作温度管程为80℃，壳程温度为175℃，设计温度管程为95℃，壳程温度为200℃。管程介质为2.5Mpa的水，壳程介质为0.9Mpa的水蒸汽。在计算校核方面，进行了传统的工艺计算和强度计算。在传统的传热工艺计算中，主要包括有传热的面积，传递的热量及其系数的确定，流量，压降变化及壁温的验算等等问题，这些都是应用有关的国家标准和规定校核和计算得来的。在强度计算侧重于管体，管箱，头，接受，支持，隔板和板厚计算和挡板，其他部件的设计和管法兰，垫片，安装，组合，但也为一些强度校核。本设计主要是依GB151《管壳式换热器》和GB150《压力容器》等为根据设计的。换热器在工业、农业等各个的领域运用十分的广泛，当然在日常生活中和现实中的传热设备也随处可以见到，是不可能缺少的工艺设备和单元之一。随着研究的不断深入，工业应用也取得了显着的成效。 本次设计中，多增加了排污口，放净口和备用口，挺高了产品的清洁能力和安全性能。在数据估计中，多增加些余量，保证了产品的安全运行。 关键词:换热器;管板;传统工艺计算;强度安全校核;应用范围 Abstract Heat excha
ngers are the most commo
nly used i
n i
ndustrial productio
n equipme
nt i
n differe
nt work co
nditio
ns of heat excha
ngers performa
nce requireme
nts are differe
nt，it tra
nsfer it betwee
n cold a
nd heat flow. These desig
ns are floati
ng head heat excha
ngers, they are made up of tube box 、tube sheet、shell、heat excha
nge tube、baffle plate、draw bar、spacer pipe、floati
ng head cover a
nd so o
n. O
ne tube sheet of the excha
ngers are co
n
nected with shell. So it’s easy to check a
nd clea
n. O
n the other ha
nd the structure of they complex. The desig
n of the mai
n desig
n parameters for desig
n pressure for tube side 0.99Mpa, shell 2.75Mpa, the worki
ng temperature of the tube to 80 DEG C, shell temperature to 175 DEG C, desig
n temperature tube pass is 95 DEG C, shell temperature for 200 DEG C. the shell is 2.5Mpa water, the tube side is 0.9Mpa water vapor. I
n the calculatio
n a
nd verificatio
n, the traditio
nal process calculatio
n a
nd i
nte
nsity calculatio
n are carried out..I
n the calculatio
n excha
ngers of the heat tra
nsfer process, heat tra
nsfer coefficie
nt of determi
natio
n a
nd cha
nge the i
n
ner diameter of the heat excha
nger a
nd types of heat excha
nge tube of choice, a
nd heat tra
nsfers coefficie
nt a
nd pressure drop a
nd wall temperature calculatio
n a
nd so o
n. I
n the stre
ngth calculatio
n focuses o
n the tube, tube box, head, accept, support, the baffle plate a
nd the plate thick
ness are calculated a
nd the baffle, other parts of the desig
n a
nd pipe fla
nges, gaskets, i
nstallatio
n, portfolio, but also for some stre
ngth check. This desig
n is accordi
ng to GB151 "shell a
nd tube heat excha
nger" a
nd GB150 " pressure vessel" a
nd other desig
n. Heat excha
nger i
n i
ndustrial, agriculture a
nd other fields use is very exte
nsive, of course, the heat tra
nsfer equipme
nt i
n the daily life a
nd the reality everywhere ca
n see is o
ne of is likely to lack of process equipme
nt a
nd u
nit. The i
ndustry applicatio
n also obtai
ned the remarkable effect. I
n this desig
n, i
ncrease the sewage outfall, drai
n a
nd reserve, clea
ni
ng ability a
nd safety performa
nce of the product is high. I
n the data estimatio
n, the i
ncrease of some margi
n, to e
nsure the safe operatio
n of the product. Keywords: heat excha
nger; floati
ng tube sheet; heat tra
nsfer calculatio
n; stre
ngth check; applicatio
n 目录 第一章换热器传热工艺计算1 1.1原始数据1 1.2定性温度及确定其物性参数1 1.3传热量与水蒸汽流量计算2 1.4有效平均温差计算3 1.5管程换热系数计算4 1.6管程结构初步设计5 1.7壳程换热系数计算5 1.8总传热系数计算7 1.9管壁温度计算7 1.10管程压力降计算8 1.11壳程压力降计算9 第二章强度计算11 2.1换热管材料及规格的选择和根数确定11 2.2确定筒体内径11 2.3确定筒体壁厚12 2.3.1筒体液压试验12 2.4管箱封头厚度计算13 2.5浮头侧封头厚度计算14 2.6设备法兰的选择15 2.6.1容器法兰的选择15 2.6.2接管法兰的选择15 2.7管板的设计16 2.8钩圈式浮头19 2.8.1管程压力作用下浮头盖的设计19 2.8.2壳程压力作用下浮头盖的设计24 2.9浮动管板29 2.10钩圈的选择30 2.11折流板的选择30 2.12杆和定距管的确定31 2.13管箱短节壁厚的计算31 2.14筒体、管箱的耐压试验的校核计算32 2.15接管及开孔补强32 2.15.1 a,b孔的补强32 2.15.2 d孔的补强34 2.15.3 h孔的补强36 2.16择及应力校核37 2.16.1支座的选择37 2.16.2支座的应力校核38 参考文献41 致谢42