摘要 换热器又被叫热量交换器，是一种把热流体的热量传递给冷流体的设备，并且实现化工生产过程中热量的交换和传递不可缺少的设备，在工厂中具有重要的意义。换热器可以是一种单独的设备，例如加热器、冷却器和凝汽器等等；也可是工艺设备的组成部分，比如石化、煤炭工业中的余热回收装置等等。换热器是两种温度不同的物料在一个设备内相互交换热量，最终达到将物料冷却，或者将冷物料加热为目的的设备。本换热器是蒸汽冷凝器在成产中是非常常见的设备，该换热器有耐高压的优点、价格低廉、清洗方便不宜结垢的优点。 已知条件为：设计压力为管程，壳程，工作温度管程，壳程，设计温度管程，壳程，管程介质为的水，壳程介质为的水蒸气。依据给定条件所得传热面积为。考虑到介质特性等因素，采用Φ25×2.5×4500的（材料）的无缝钢管，本设计采用根换热管可满足换热量。设定拉杆数量为6根，计算得到筒体直径为。完成了压降计算、强度计算、开孔补强、管箱短节壁厚计算等。在强度设计中，依据进行筒体、封头强度设计及校核，依据流量进行入口接管、出口接管等管口直径的选择，依据等面积补强法进行开口补强计算。本设计选择管板延长兼做法兰，依据中的弹性支撑假设对管板进行设计和校核，管板与换热管的连接方式为焊接，拉杆与管板为螺纹连接结构。同时，进行了卧式容器鞍座校核。 本设计充分的利用材料，适用比较多的场合。608根换热管更加体现了换热的效率。在同样的换热器中此换热器十分的廉价、安全。所以该换热器在工厂中占有重要位置。 关键字:固定管板;换热器;不同物料;热交换；补强 Abstract Heat excha
nger called heat excha
nger agai
n, it is a ki
nd of the thermal fluid heat tra
nsfer to cold fluid equipme
nt, a
nd realize the heat excha
nge a
nd tra
nsmissio
n i
n the process of chemical productio
n i
ndispe
nsable equipme
nt, has the vital sig
nifica
nce i
n the factory. Heat excha
nger ca
n be a si
ngle device, such as a heater, cooler a
nd steam co
nde
nser, etc. But also part of the process equipme
nt, such as waste heat recovery u
nit i
n petrochemical i
ndustry, coal i
ndustry, a
nd so o
n. Temperature heat excha
nger are two differe
nt materials i
n a heat excha
ngi
ng equipme
nt, eve
ntually achieve the material cooli
ng, or heati
ng equipme
nt for the purpose of cold material. This heat excha
nger is steam co
nde
nser is very commo
n i
n i
nto duri
ng equipme
nt, the heat excha
nger has the adva
ntages of resista
nce to high pressure, low cost, co
nve
nie
nt clea
ni
ng is u
nfavorable a
nd scale adva
ntages. K
now
n co
nditio
n is: the desig
n pressure for tube side a
nd shell side, worki
ng temperature tube side a
nd shell side, the desig
n temperature tube side a
nd shell side, the medium as the water passes, shell side medium is water vapor. Based o
n the heat tra
nsfer area of the give
n co
nditio
ns. Co
nsideri
ng the characteristic of medium etc factors, usi
ng (material) seamless steel tube, this desig
n USES the root heat excha
nge tube ca
n meet the cha
nge of heat. Set rod of 6 root
number, calculate the cyli
nder diameter. Completed the pressure drop calculatio
n, stre
ngth calculatio
n, ope
ni
ng rei
nforceme
nt, short tube box sectio
n wall thick
ness calculatio
n, etc. I
n stre
ngth desig
n, stre
ngth desig
n basis for cyli
nder, head a
nd checki
ng, accordi
ng to the i
nlet co
n
nectio
n of traffic a
nd exports over the selectio
n of
nozzle diameter, ope
ni
ng rei
nforceme
nt method o
n the basis of equal area rei
nforceme
nt calculatio
n. The desig
n of fla
nge, tubesheet exte
nded a
nd do accordi
ng to the hypothesis of elastic support for tube plate desig
n a
nd checki
ng, tube plate a
nd the heat excha
nge tube co
n
nectio
ns for weldi
ng, rod a
nd tube plate to the threaded co
n
nectio
n structure. At the same time, for the horizo
ntal vessel saddle checki
ng. This desig
n make full use of material, is more occasio
ns. 608 more embodies the heat excha
nge tube, so the heat excha
nge efficie
ncy. At the same heat excha
nger i
n the heat excha
nger is very cheap a
nd safe. So the heat excha
nger occupies a
n importa
nt positio
n i
n the factory. Key words: Fixed tube sheet； Heat excha
nger； Differe
nt materials； rei
nforci
ng 目录 第一章换热器传热工艺计算1 1.1原始数据1 1.2定性温度及确定其物性参数1 1.3传热量与水蒸气流量计算2 1.4有效平均温差计算3 1.5管程换热系数计算4 1.6结构的初步设计5 1.7壳程换热系数计算6 1.8总传热系数计算7 1.9管壁温度计算8 1.10管程压力降计算9 1.11壳程压力降计算10 第二章固定管板式换热器结构设计计算13 2.1换热管材料及规格的选择和根数的确定13 2.2布管方式的选择13 2.3筒体内径的确定14 2.4筒体壁厚的确定14 2.5筒体水压试验15 2.6封头厚度的确定15 2.7管箱短节壁厚计算16 2.8管箱水压试验17 2.9管箱法兰的选择17 2.10管板尺寸的确定及强度计算18 2.11是否安装膨胀节的判定31 2.12防冲板尺寸的确定31 2.13折流板尺寸的确定32 2.14各管孔接管及其法兰的选择33 2.15开孔补强计算37 2.16支座的选择及应力校核40 2.16.1支座选择40 2.16.2鞍座的应力校核40 参考文献45 致谢46