摘要
本文是关于工业用塑料聚合物双螺杆挤出机的设计。在工业上和实验室中,单螺杆和双螺杆挤出机都应用极其普遍,是塑料加工设备的重要元部件之一。作为工业中使用的双螺杆挤出机,在设计过程中,除了要求能够完成固体输送、增压、熔融、熔体输送和泵压等一系列通用过程以外,还要求涉及到复合塑料与聚合物颗粒之间的混合,以及物料喂料量的控制。物料喂料量的控制则是通过控制主螺杆及其辅助喂料螺杆的转速来完成的。同时,双螺杆挤出机具有分布混合和分散混合效果良好、自洁作用较强、可实现高速运转、产量高等特点,特别适合聚合物的改性,如共混、填料、增强及反应挤出。有利于增加挤出机的挤出产量,提高塑化质量。
关键词:双螺杆挤出机;塑料;同向啮合
ABSTRACT
This paper is about the desig
n of plastic polymer si
ngle-screw extruder that used i
n i
ndustry.The si
ngle-screw extruder is exte
nsively used i
n the fields of i
ndustry a
nd experime
nt,a
nd it is o
ne of the importa
nt u
nits of polymer processi
ng equipme
nt.As a si
ngle-screw extruder used i
n i
ndustry,it requires to complete a series of ge
neral process such as tra
nsportatio
n of solid,i
ncrease of pressure,melt,tra
nsportatio
n of melt.Besides,it refers to mix the composite plastics a
nd polymer grai
n,a
nd the co
ntrol of the material feed qua
ntity.These are the i
n
novatio
ns i
n this desig
n.O
n the base of the desig
n of commo
n si
ngle-screw extruder,i i
ncreased two auxiliary feed screws which are used to tra
nsportate materials of composite plastics a
nd used it to mix ki
nds of plastics.The co
ntrol of the qua
ntity of material feed is do
ne by the co
ntrol of the chief screw a
nd the speed of auxiliary feed screws.Mea
nwhile,i used twi
n wedge-shaped thread sectio
n i
n the desig
n of screw thread sectio
n.This is good to i
ncrease the outcome of the extruder, a
nd to improve the quality of plasticity compari
ng with commo
n tecta
ngular thread sectio
n. Keyword: Si
ngle-screw Extruder; plastics; I
ndustry 目录 第1章绪论…………………………………………………………………1 1.1塑料挤出成型概述…………………………………………………1 1.2塑料挤出成型设备的组成…………………………………………1 1.3挤出机的分类………………………………………………………2 1.3.1分类方法…………………………………………………………2 1.3.2各挤出机的结构特点及用途……………………………………2 1.4设计类型的确定………………………………………………………3 第2章同向啮合双螺杆挤出机……………………………………………4 2.1同向啮合双螺杆挤出机工作原理及其特性………………………4 2.2同向啮合双螺杆挤出机的主要技术参数和规格…………………4 第3章同向啮合双螺杆挤出机主要零部件的设计………………………7 3.1主螺杆的设计………………………………………………………7 3.1.1螺杆的基本尺寸初步确定………………………………………7 3.1.2螺杆材料的选择…………………………………………………8 3.1.3螺杆设计计算……………………………………………………8 3.1.4螺杆的强度校核与计算…………………………………………11 3.1.5螺杆的技术要求…………………………………………………13 3.1.6螺杆传动系统及止推轴承布置设计……………………………13 3.2机筒的设计…………………………………………………………14 3.2.1机筒的结构类型选择及特性……………………………………14 3.2.2机筒的结构尺寸设计……………………………………………15 3.2.3机筒的材料选择…………………………………………………15 3.3螺杆与机筒的配合要求……………………………………………16 3.3.1螺杆与机筒的配合间隙…………………………………………16 3.3.2螺杆与机筒的对中性……………………………………………17 3.4送料螺杆的设计……………………………………………………17 3.5分流板及过滤网……………………………………………………18 3.5.1分流板…………………………………………………………18 3.5.2过滤网……………………………………………………………18 3.6料斗的设计…………………………………………………………19 3.7挤出机电机的选择…………………………………………………19 3.8传动系统的设计……………………………………………………19 3.8.1传动方案的确定………………………………………………19 3.8.2齿轮参数………………………………………………………20 3.8.3齿轮轴的确定…………………………………………………26 3.8.4轴承寿命校核…………………………………………………38 3.8.5键的校核………………………………………………………39 3.8.6箱体的设计……………………………………………………41 第4章双螺杆挤出机辅助系统设计………………………………………43 4.1定量给料系统…………………………………………………………43 4.2恒温系统………………………………………………………………43 4.3真空排气系统…………………………………………………………43 4.4电气控制系统…………………………………………………………43 4.4.1直流调速系统……………………………………………………44 4.4.2加热控制系统……………………………………………………44 结论………………………………………………………………………46 参考文献………………………………………………………………………47
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n of plastic polymer si
ngle-screw extruder that used i
n i
ndustry.The si
ngle-screw extruder is exte
nsively used i
n the fields of i
ndustry a
nd experime
nt,a
nd it is o
ne of the importa
nt u
nits of polymer processi
ng equipme
nt.As a si
ngle-screw extruder used i
n i
ndustry,it requires to complete a series of ge
neral process such as tra
nsportatio
n of solid,i
ncrease of pressure,melt,tra
nsportatio
n of melt.Besides,it refers to mix the composite plastics a
nd polymer grai
n,a
nd the co
ntrol of the material feed qua
ntity.These are the i
n
novatio
ns i
n this desig
n.O
n the base of the desig
n of commo
n si
ngle-screw extruder,i i
ncreased two auxiliary feed screws which are used to tra
nsportate materials of composite plastics a
nd used it to mix ki
nds of plastics.The co
ntrol of the qua
ntity of material feed is do
ne by the co
ntrol of the chief screw a
nd the speed of auxiliary feed screws.Mea
nwhile,i used twi
n wedge-shaped thread sectio
n i
n the desig
n of screw thread sectio
n.This is good to i
ncrease the outcome of the extruder, a
nd to improve the quality of plasticity compari
ng with commo
n tecta
ngular thread sectio
n. Keyword: Si
ngle-screw Extruder; plastics; I
ndustry 目录 第1章绪论…………………………………………………………………1 1.1塑料挤出成型概述…………………………………………………1 1.2塑料挤出成型设备的组成…………………………………………1 1.3挤出机的分类………………………………………………………2 1.3.1分类方法…………………………………………………………2 1.3.2各挤出机的结构特点及用途……………………………………2 1.4设计类型的确定………………………………………………………3 第2章同向啮合双螺杆挤出机……………………………………………4 2.1同向啮合双螺杆挤出机工作原理及其特性………………………4 2.2同向啮合双螺杆挤出机的主要技术参数和规格…………………4 第3章同向啮合双螺杆挤出机主要零部件的设计………………………7 3.1主螺杆的设计………………………………………………………7 3.1.1螺杆的基本尺寸初步确定………………………………………7 3.1.2螺杆材料的选择…………………………………………………8 3.1.3螺杆设计计算……………………………………………………8 3.1.4螺杆的强度校核与计算…………………………………………11 3.1.5螺杆的技术要求…………………………………………………13 3.1.6螺杆传动系统及止推轴承布置设计……………………………13 3.2机筒的设计…………………………………………………………14 3.2.1机筒的结构类型选择及特性……………………………………14 3.2.2机筒的结构尺寸设计……………………………………………15 3.2.3机筒的材料选择…………………………………………………15 3.3螺杆与机筒的配合要求……………………………………………16 3.3.1螺杆与机筒的配合间隙…………………………………………16 3.3.2螺杆与机筒的对中性……………………………………………17 3.4送料螺杆的设计……………………………………………………17 3.5分流板及过滤网……………………………………………………18 3.5.1分流板…………………………………………………………18 3.5.2过滤网……………………………………………………………18 3.6料斗的设计…………………………………………………………19 3.7挤出机电机的选择…………………………………………………19 3.8传动系统的设计……………………………………………………19 3.8.1传动方案的确定………………………………………………19 3.8.2齿轮参数………………………………………………………20 3.8.3齿轮轴的确定…………………………………………………26 3.8.4轴承寿命校核…………………………………………………38 3.8.5键的校核………………………………………………………39 3.8.6箱体的设计……………………………………………………41 第4章双螺杆挤出机辅助系统设计………………………………………43 4.1定量给料系统…………………………………………………………43 4.2恒温系统………………………………………………………………43 4.3真空排气系统…………………………………………………………43 4.4电气控制系统…………………………………………………………43 4.4.1直流调速系统……………………………………………………44 4.4.2加热控制系统……………………………………………………44 结论………………………………………………………………………46 参考文献………………………………………………………………………47
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